1. ORAL CAVITY
RELATING PROBLEMS
Presented by:
MANEESH BANYAL
(Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutics)
SWATI JOSHI
(Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutics)
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2. Contents:-
 Introduction of Oral cavity
 Common Dental Problems:-
• Dental cavities
• Bleeding gum
• Mouth odor
• Tooth sensitivity
• Mouth sores
• Tooth erosion
• YELLOW TEETH
• Toothache
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3. ORAL CAVITY:-
 Oral cavity or mouth is part of the oral region.
 The oral cavity consists of accessory structures (the
salivary glands), projecting structures (the teeth & the
tongue) & the walls enclosing the oral cavity.
 It lies interior to the nasal cavities & has roof, floor &
lateral walls.
 The roof of the oral cavity includes both the hard & soft
palate.
 The laterals walls of the oral cavity include the cheeks as
well as the retromolar region.
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4.  The oral cavity also contains three pairs of major salivary glands:-
The parotid
 Submandibular
 Sublingual glands
 The oral cavity is divided into the two parts by the upper & the
lower arches.
 These arches consists of teeth & the alveolar bones that support
them.
 The oral cavity also has a respiratory function, where it can be
used for ventilation due to it opening into the pharynx, which is a
common pathway for food & air.
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6. Common Dental Problems:-
 Dental cavities
 Gum Bleeding
 Mouth Odor
 Tooth Sensitivity
 Mouth Sores
 Tooth Erosion
 Toothaches
 Yellow teeth
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7. DENTAL CAVITIES:-
 Dental cavities, also known as a dental caries happen when your
tooth or teeth decay & start to break down.
 Cavities are the result of tooth decay the erosion of the tooth
structure.
 Tooth decay can affect either the enamel (the outer layer of the
mouth), or the dentin (the inner layer of the tooth).
 There are three types of tooth cavities:-
1. Smooth surface cavities, which appear on the surface of the
tooth.
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8. 2. Pit & fissure cavities, these appear on the bumpy surface on the
top of the teeth
3. Root cavities, which appear in the roots of your teeth, below the
gum line.
Symptoms:- Some common symptoms include toothache, tooth
sensitivity, mild to sharp pain when eating or drinking, visible
holes or pits in the infected tooth, & black brown or white strain
on the tooth’s surface.
Common Cavity Treatments:-
 Cavity treatment may vary depending upon the severity of the
cavity.
 Filling:- if the decay is not extensive.
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9.  Crown:- if the decay is more severe.
 Root Canal or Extraction:- if the decay reaches the roots of the
tooth.
Cavity Prevention:-
 Regular brushing & flossing (at least twice a day)
 Using a fluoride toothpaste
 Limit your intake of sugary drinks
Home remedies:-
 Clove:- Due to its antinflammatory, analgesic, & antibacterial
properties, clove can help alleviate pain & prevent the cavity.
 Salt:- Salt can also be used to treat cavities due to its antiseptic &
antibacterial properties.
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10. BLEEDING GUMS:-
 The main cause of bleeding gums is the buildup of plaque at the
gum line. This will lead to a condition called gingivitis or inflamed
gums.
 Plaque that is not removed will harden into tartar. This will lead to
increased bleeding & more advanced form of gum disease known
as peridontitis.
 Other causes of bleeding gums includes:-
• Any bleeding disorder
• Brushing too hard
• Improper flossing
• Infection, which can be either in a tooth
or the gum
• A vitamin deficiency
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11. Sign & symptoms:-
• Gums that easily bleed when brushing or flossing
• Swollen, red or tender gums
• Persistent bad breath or bad taste in mouth
• Visible pus surrounding the teeth & gums
• Sharp or dull pain when chewing foods.
Treatment:- The best bleeding gums treatment is to remove from
your teeth the plaque bacteria that causes gum disease.
• Seeking bleeding gums treatment at the first sign of a problem
can help reverse gingivitis & help prevent peridontal disease.
Prevention:- Rinse & if your gums are bleeding use an antimicrobial
rinse such as Listerine or a herbal rinse.
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12. • Brush your teeth, tongue & gums to remove plaque & food debris.
• Floss your teeth before your brush them every time you brush
your teeth.
Home Remedies:-
 Use Clove oil:- It helps to reduce the inflammation of gums &
stops the gums from bleeding to a larger extends.
 Use Aloe Vera:- It helps to reduce the inflammation, making
bleeding less likely.
 Salt gargling
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13. MOUTH ODOR:-
 Bad breath, which is also known as Halistosis, is a problem in
which a person’s breath has an unpleasant odor.
 Halitosis is the third most common reason that people seek dental
care, after tooth decay & gum disease.
 Causes of bad breath include food, tobacco products, poor dental
hygiene, health problems, dry mouth, oral infections, dental
problems, or medications.
 Symptoms of bad breath include unpleasant odor or taste in the
mouth, dry mouth or white coating on the tongue.
 Treatment for bad breath include proper dental hygiene,
mouthwash, sugar free gum, quitting smoking & changing bad
habits.
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14. Bad breath can usually be prevented by proper tooth brushing,
quitting smoking & avoiding foods that causes bad breath odors.
Home remedies:-
Funnel:- Act as an excellent mouth freshener, & also contains
antimicrobial properties.
Cinnamon:- Reduces the amount of bacteria in your mouth &
also covers up bad breath.
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15. TOOTH SENSITIVITY:-
 Tooth sensitivity also known as dentin hypersensitivity – affects
the tooth or exposed root surfaces.
 This occurs when the enamel that protects our teeth gets thinner,
or when gum recession occurs, exposing the underlying surface,
the dentin, thus, reducing the protection the enamel & gums
provide to the tooth & root.
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 Causes:- Thinning of enamel due to over brushing or erosion.
• Dental Decay
• Poor oral hygiene
• Gum disease with possible recession & root exposure.
• Cracked tooth.
 Treatments may involve using a fluoride rinse or brushing with
desensitizing toothpaste. Fluoride varnishes over the root surface,
filling to cover the exposed roots, or the use of plastic resin or
dentin sealers.
 Preventions:- By properly brushing with soft-bristled, toothbrush,
reducing the consumption of acidic & sugary foods, prevent
recession of gums.

17. Mouth sores:-
 Mouth sores are painful ulcers found on the cheeks, lips, gums,
tongue, bottom of the mouth, & the soft palate.
 Common mouth sores causes include: biting your tongue, lips, or
cheeks, burning your mouth when attempting to eat hot food or
beverages, or tissue trauma from braces & other potentially sharp
objects.
 The most common sores of the mouth include canker & cold
sores.
Treatment:- Most mouth sores heal
without treatment in 10-14 days, but
there are variety of over the counter
medications, like Oracoat H-B12 Mellts.
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18. Home remedies for mouth sores are: Gargle salt water,
• Create paste of baking soda & water & apply to ulcer.
• Avoid triggers like hot, spicy, salty, or acidic food & beverages.
TOOTH EROSION:-
• The gradual loss of the normally hard surface of the tooth due to
chemical, acids from bacteria.
• Most common cause of erosion is by acidic foods and drinks such
as sodas & juices, tooth erosion may also be caused by digestive
problems such as vomiting, as stomach acid is highly corrosive.
Treatments: Drink more water throughtout the day if you have a dry
mouth.
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• Use fluoride toothpaste.
• Brushing with a soft bristled toothbrush
after eating & drinking.
YELLOW TEETH:-
• Tooth discoloration, or yellowish of the
teeth, is a condition in which the teeth
become stained or discolored.
• Causes for yellowing including excess
fluoride, plaque or tartar buildup, aging
smoking, & certain types of foods.

20. • Yellowing may be prevented by avoiding certain foods that are
acidic or foods that are high in tannins.
TOOTHACHES:-
• Pain that radiates from the teeth is called a toothache.
• Toothache is commonly caused by an inflammation of the pulp
called pulpitis. Pulpitis is a result of tooth decay & cavities.
• Toothache may also be caused by other problems, such as a
wisdom tooth erupting, gum infections, or cracked or otherwise
damaged teeth.
• Treatment for toothache: Filling, root canal, an antibiotic may be
prescribed, phototherapy with a cold laser may also be used to
reduce the pain & inflammation associated with toothache.
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21. Common ingredients for dental products:-
Fluorides:- It is a mineral that helps strengthen the enamel on your
teeth, making them less susceptible to cavities.
Glycerol:- This keeps toothpaste from drying out, gives a consistent
texture & helps it glide smoothly from the tube.
Sorbitol:- It plays two parts: along with glycerol, it helps hold the
toothpaste together, & it’s also a sweetening agent.
Calcium carbonate:- This common abrasive helps remove plaque
debris & surface stains.
Sodium Bicarbonate:- This is used in toothpaste as an abrasive & in
mouthwash products for its antiseptic properties.
Aloe Vera oil:- Natural oil with humectant, antibacterial properties.
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22. REFERENCES:-
 https://emedicine-medccape.com/article/the–oral-cavity-overview.
 https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/tc/tooth-decay
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org
 https://www,healthdirect.gov.au/mouthdiseases
 www.bleedinggums.com/bleedinggums/causes-and-effects
 https://www.dentalhealth.org/caring-for-teeth/sensitive-teeth
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