2. CONTENT
Definition
Types of biodiversity
Value of biodiversity
Distribution of biodiversity
Balances of nature
Benefit of biodiversity
Threats of biodiversity
Conservation of biodiversity
Biodiversity in India
Convention of biodiversity
3. Definition
The term biodiversity encompasses the variety of all life forms on earth's
is identified as the variability among living organism and the ecological
complexes of which they are part ,including diversity within and between
species and ecosystem.
In simple word it can be defined as variety, variability between genes
,species and ecosystems.
Biodiversity is the variety of all life forms; the different plant ,animal and
micro-organism ,their genes and the ecosystem of which they are a part.
The term biodiversity was first coined by Walter and Rosen in 1985.
4. TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
There are three types of biodiversity-
1 .Genetic diversity- the total genetic information contained in the genes of all
species.
2 .Species diversity- the variety of species ,refers to the number of species and
the number of individuals in a species.
3 .Ecosystem diversity – the variety of habitats natural communities and
ecological processes.
5. VALUES OF BIODIVERSITY
1. Consumptive value – this is some ruler communities closest to the forest
or other natural area can prosper through the sustainable harvesting of
wild life species.
• Consumptive uses value seldom appear in national income accounts.
6. 2. Productive value-
That are commercially harvested for exchange in formal markets.
Each species Is voluble to humans .
It is also essential for human survival in the future.
Product such as animal skins, ivory, medicinal plants, beeswax ,fibers
,gumses ect ……..
7. 3. social value - biodiversity in India particularly is important for its religious
,spiritual and other cultural uses .many plant and animal have ritual significance.
8. 4 . Ethical value -
in ethics denotes the degree of important of some thing or action ,with
the aim of determining what action are best to do or what why is best of
live (deontology)or to describe the significance of different actions.
The ethical value means that we may or may not uses a species ,but
knowing the vary fact that this species exists in nature give us pleasure .
9. 5 . Aesthetic value -
Biodiversity provide lots of aesthetic and beautification value. Human
being is fond of maintaining garden , keeping pets, ecotourism.
We go to various hill station ,national park, zoological garden, sanctuaries
to watch scenic beauties.
10. 6. Option value - these values include the potentials of biodiversity that are
presentably unknown and need to be explored. There is a possibility that we may have
some potential cure of AIDS and cancer existing within the depths of marine ecosystem
or a tropical rainforests. This option value is the value of knowing that there are
biological resources existing this biosphere that may one day prove to be an effective
option for something important in the future .
11. 7 . Ecosystem service value - recently, non-consumptive use value related
to self maintenance of the ecosystem and various important ecosystem services has
been recognized .it refers to the services provided by ecosystem like prevention of soil
erosion ,prevention of flood ,maintenance of soil fertility ,cycling of nutrient ,fixation
of nitrogen ,cycling of water their role as carbon sinks ,pollutant absorption and
reduction of the threat of global warming .
12. DISTRIBUTION OF BIODIVERSITY
Flora and fauna diversity depends on-
1. Climate
2. Altitude
3. Soils
4. Presence of other species
Most of the biodiversity consented in Tropical region .
13. BALANSE OF NATURE
Tropic level – elimination of species from tropic level can cause destruction of ecosystem
as well as biodiversity.
Complex ecosystem – in a complicated having several tropic levels ,loss of one of more
spices do not cause any serious problem because the alternative available.
Ecological services –
1. balance of nature
2. Biological productivity
3. Regulation of climate
4. Degradation of waste
5. Cleaning of air and water etc.
Plant in forest
• Plant in
forest
deer
• deer
lion
• lion
14. BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY
Consumptive value ;
1. Food/drink
2. Fuel
3. Medicine
4. Batter crop varieties
5. Industrial materials
Non –consumptive ;
1. Recreation
2. Education and research
3. Traditional value
15. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
1 .NATURAL CAUSES
narrow geographical area
low population
low breeding rate
natural disasters
2 .ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES
habitat modification
over exploitation of selected
species
innovation by exotic species
pollution
hunting
global warming and climate change
agriculture
16. RECENT ISSUES ON BIODIVERSITY
Some 75% of the genetic diversity
of crop plants been lost in the
past century
some scientist estimates that as
many as 3 species per hour are
going extinct and 20,000
extinctions occur each year.
roughly 1/3rd of the world's coral
reef system have been destroyed
or highly degraded.
about 24% of the mammals and
twelve % of bird species are
currently considered to be
globally threatened.
17. CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
biodiversity inventories
conserving biodiversity improtected habitats for e.g..
situ conservation.
seed bank, gene bank, pollen bank, DNA bank.
restoration of biodiversity
population control
controlling urbanization
conservation through biotechnology
reviewing the agriculture practice.
18. Biodiversity in India
categories No. of Indian
species
% of India
species
evaluated
Species
threatened in
India
Mammals 386 59 417
Birds 1219 - 07
Reptiles 495 73 46
Amphibians 207 79 57
Fresh water
fish
700 46 70
19.
20. BIODIVERSITY CONVENTIONS
the first convention on biodiversity organized at RIO DE
JANERIO from June
5-16th in 1997 named as UNITED NATION CONFERENCE ON
ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT to maintain
ecological balance.
the second convention organized at Johannesburg in
2002 called WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT where the biodiversity and sustainable
ecosystem management was the issue.
