The document discusses laboratory tests for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes mellitus. The main tests for diagnosis are urine glucose tests and blood tests measuring plasma glucose and HbA1c levels. Follow up monitoring includes using a glucometer to measure fasting and post-prandial blood glucose and repeating HbA1c tests. Tests for complications involve measuring ketone bodies for diabetic ketoacidosis and arterial blood gases and osmolality for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Long term complications are screened for through tests like microalbuminuria for nephropathy and lipid profiles for metabolic syndrome.