1. IMPURE SUBSTANCES:
MIXTURES

2. PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES
• A mixture is a combination of two or more
substances that are not chemically
combined

3. PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES
• No Chemical Changes in a Mixture No
chemical changes happen when a mixture
is made. So, each substance has the
same chemical makeup it had before the
mixture was formed.
• Making a mixture is a
physical change.

4. PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES
• Separating Mixtures Through Physical
Methods Mixtures can be separated by
using physical changes. Physical changes
do not change the identities of the
substances.
• Some methods could be distillation,
evaporation, filtration, dissolve, use of
magnets, centrifugation,and
chromatography.

6. PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES
• The Ratio of Components
in a Mixture The
components of a mixture
do not need to be mixed in
a definite ratio.
• For example, granite is a
mixture of different
minerals. Different ratios of
the minerals give granite
different colors, but the
mixture is always called
granite.

7. MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS
Mixtures Compounds
Made of elements, Made of elements
compounds or both
No change in original Change the original
properties of the properties of the
components components
Heat or electricity not Heat or electricity
required for separating required for separating
the components the components
Made using any ratio of Made using a fixed ratio
the components of components

8. TYPES OF MIXTURES
• There are three types of mixtures:
Homogeneous mixtures Colloids
Heterogeneous mixtures

9. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
• The different components can be seen as
individual substances. We can almost
separate the components with our eyes.
• The particles are visible (bigger particles)

10. HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES
• Have the same
composition throughout.
• Any one region of the
mixture has the same ratio
of substance as any other
region
• The components can´t be
seen as individual
indentifiable entities
• Mixed as much finer level,
not readily distinguished

11. COLLOIDS
• Is a mixture in which the
particles are spread
throughout but are not large
enough to settle out
• The particles are not as
small as those of a solution,
however are smaller than
those of a suspension

12. COLLOIDS
• Particles in a colloid are large enough to
scatter light. A colloid cannot be separated
by passing it through a filter.

13. COLLOIDS
• Consists of two separated
phases: Disperse phase
(or internal phase) and a
continuos phase (or
dispersion medium).
• May be solid, liquid or gas
• Some are translucent
because of the Tyndall
Effect (which is the
scattering of light)

14. Types of colloids
C Disperse phase
o
n Gas Liquid Solid
ti
Gas None Liquid aerosol Ex: Solid aerosol
n fog, mist, hair Ex: cloud,
u spray smoke, air
o Solid foam Gel Ex: jelly, Solid sol Ex:
s
Solid
Ex:aerogel, silicagel cranberry glass
p styrofoam
h Liquid Foam Ex: Emulsion Ex: milk, Sol Ex: blood
a whipped mayonnaise, hand
s cream, shaving cream
cream
e

15. TYPES OF HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURES
SOLUTIONS (single phase)
• A solution is a mixture that
appears to be a single
substance. The process in
which particles of substances
separate and spread evenly
throughout a mixture is known
as dissolving.
• In a solution, the solute is the
substance that is dissolved.
The solvent is the substance
in which the solute is
dissolved.

16. TYPES OF HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURES
• Examples of Solutions
Liquid solutions include
soft drinks, gasoline, and
tap water. Solutions may
also be gases, such as
air.
• Solutions may also be
solids, such as steel.
Alloys are solid solutions
of metals or nonmetals
dissolved in metals.

17. SOLUTIONS
• Particles in Solutions
The particles in solutions
are so small that they never
settle out. They also cannot
be removed by filtering.
• The particles in solutions
are so small that they don’t
even scatter light.

18. SOLUTIONS
Concentrated or Dilute? Solutions can be
described as being concentrated or dilute.
But these two terms do not tell you the
amount of solute that is dissolved.
Concentration= amount of solute
amount of solution

20. • Solubility is the ability of a solute to
dissolve in a solvent at a certain
temperature. Depends on the attractions
of solute particles for one another and
attractions of solvent particles for one
another.

21. • Dissolving Gases in Liquids Gases
become less soluble in liquids as the
temperature is raised.
• Dissolving Solids Faster in Liquids
Three ways to make a solute dissolve
faster are mixing the solution, heating the
solution, and crushing the solute into
smaller particles.

23. SOLUTIONS
Unsaturated solution
A solution that has not reached the limit of solute
that will dissolve
Saturated solution
A solution in which no more solute can be
dissolved

24. TYPES OF HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURES
• SUSPENSIONS
• A suspension is a mixture in
which particles of a material are
dispersed throughout a liquid or a
gas but are large enough that they
settle out.
• The particles in a suspension are
large enough to scatter or block
light. A suspension can be
separated by passing it through a
filter.

25. SUSPENSIONS
• Different components are in different
phase, such as solids in liquids or liquids
in gases
• It is necessary to shake the substance
before using it

26. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
• You can distinguish the two or more
phases.

27. SOLUTIONS, SUSPENSIONS
AND COLLOIDS
Solutions Suspensions Colloids
Uniformly More or less Intermediate
dispersed dispersed dispersed
Single phase More phases More phases
Small particles Large particles Intermediate
that settle out particles
Can´t scatter Scatter or block Scatter light
light light