The document discusses the challenges of evaluating the total cost of ownership for network-centric systems of systems. It notes that systems of systems involve multiple independent systems working together and have greater complexity due to emergent behaviors. Estimating costs for systems of systems is difficult due to factors like the number of components, connections between systems, and overall complexity, which scales exponentially with additional components. The document examines how factors like complexity, security certification levels, and human-system interactions can impact overall costs.