2. First type
If I pass my exams, I will go to London in summer.
If I pass my exams, I might go to London.
If he comes, call me.
If you heat ice, it turns to water.
IES Avelina Cerra- ©Elena C.

3. Second type
Conditional clause (if) Main clause
Past simple would/ might / could
If I won the lottery, I would travel round the world.
If I knew his number, I could ring him up.
If you tried again, you might succeed.
When to be is used in the conditional clause, we use were for the 1st
When to be is used in the conditional clause, we use were for the 1st
and third persons. However in spoken English, was is often used.
and third persons. However in spoken English, was is often used.
If II were you, II wouldn’t wear that dress.
If were you, wouldn’t wear that dress.
IES Avelina Cerra- ©Elena C.

4. Third type
Conditional clause (If) Main clause
Past perfect would have/ might
have/ could have
If you had studied more, you would have passed your exams.
If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him. (possibility)
If you had read the questions carefully, you could have been able
to answer them. (ability)
IES Avelina Cerra- ©Elena C.

5. Mixed conditionals
To talk about past events or actions that have a result in the present, we can
mix the second and the third conditional:
If I had passed all my exams, I would be on the beach now.
IES Avelina Cerra- ©Elena C.

6. Alternatives to if
 As long as (but only if)
You can use my car as long as you drive carefully.
 Provided (that) (but only if)
Travelling by car is convenient provided (that) you have somewhere to
park.
 Providing (that) (but only if)
Providing she studies hard she should pass the exam.
 Unless (if … not)
You won’t go on holiday this year unless you save some money.
 Even if
She wouldn’t have won the race even if she had trained harder.
IES Avelina Cerra- ©Elena C.

7. Choose the correct word:
• I’m playing tennis tomorrow unless/ providing it’s raining.
• We are going to start painting the house tomorrow unless/ provided it is
not raining.
• You can smoke in here unless/ as long as you leave a window open to let
the smoke out.
• The children can stay here unless/ providing they don’t make too much
noise.
• I’m going now unless/ provided you want me to stay.
• I can’t understand why he is late unless/ as long as he didn’t get our
message.
IES Avelina Cerra- ©Elena C.

8. I wish/ if only
I wish/ if only + subject +
• Past simple/ continuous
To talk about desires in the present situation that we would like to be
different.
I wish I won the lottery.
• Past perfect
To express regret about past situations that we would like to have been
different.
I wish I had visited the Eiffel Tower when I was in Paris.
• Would
To criticize or complain about something in the present or to talk about
someone’s behauviour that we would like to be different.
I wish he wouldn’t be so nervous.
IES Avelina Cerra- ©Elena C.

9. Think of a wish for each situation
• You have just painted the door red. Now you don’t like it very much.
• I live in London and I don’t like big cities.
• I don’t know anything about cars and my car has just broken down.
• I have just come back from my holiday. Everything was fine except for
the hotel which wasn’t very good.
• Your exams are tomorrow and you don’t have time to study.
• You never have any money as you don’t have a part time job.
IES Avelina Cerra- ©Elena C.

10. Think of a wish for each situation
• You have just painted the door red. Now you don’t like it very much.
• I live in London and I don’t like big cities.
• I don’t know anything about cars and my car has just broken down.
• I have just come back from my holiday. Everything was fine except for
the hotel which wasn’t very good.
• Your exams are tomorrow and you don’t have time to study.
• You never have any money as you don’t have a part time job.
IES Avelina Cerra- ©Elena C.