9. Objectives:
To develop among students-researchers the skills
in writing scientific paper technically
To respond effectively to the challenges posed by
this new trend in education.
12. What is a Research?
studious inquiry or examination
Investigation or experimentation aimed at:
• the discovery and interpretation of facts;
• the creation and revision of accepted theories or
laws in the light of new facts
14. improves quality of life
improves instruction
improves student’s achievement
improves teacher’s competence
satisfies man’s needs
reduces the burden of work
responds to the economic recovery and
austerity measure of the country
trains graduates to become responsive to
the economic development of the country
and compete globally.
Values of research to man
15. Review: Types of Research
Based on General Approach:
a. Quantitative
b. Qualitative
c. mixed
Based on Methods:
a. Historical
b. Descriptive
c. Experimental
Based on Application:
a. Pure/
Theoretical
b. Applied/
Practical/
Action
16. What are the differences of
Qualitative and Quantitative Research
17. What is action
research?
“ practitioners developing their understanding
of their professional practice- not by reference
to any externally generated theory or
generalized principles but by reference to
their experience tested in their own
environment…”
(Bridges, 2003)
18. Processes of Doing
Action Research
Identifying a problem/paradox/
issue/difficulty
Thinking of ways to tackle the problem
Doing it
Evaluating it
Modifying future application
Norton (2001)
I
T
D
E
M
19. An Overview of
Steps in Thesis
Writing
In academic field, research paper is technically referred to as a thesis paper which is one of
the major requirement if fulfillment of an undergraduate/course.
20. Information gathering to formulate a
significant research problem
Conceptualization of a good research
problem for the title defense
Defense of the proposed research titles
Gathering of comprehensive references from
the library and other sources
Proper documentation of reviewed related
literature and studies
21. Extensive consultation with the thesis adviser
and the research chairman throughout the
research work
Formulation of a good thesis proposal (writing
chapters 1 - 3)
Defense of the thesis proposal/outline
Preparing the research instrument
Field of work to gather needed research data
22. Analysis of data in coordination with the adviser and
statistician
Writing of Chapter 4 to present data and its analysis
and interpretation
Writing Chapter 5 to present the summary of findings,
the researcher’s conclusion and recommendations
Reviewing and editing the manuscript for the final
defense in coordination with the thesis adviser
Preparing the powerpoint presentation of the thesis
paper for defense
23. Conducting a defense as prescribed and
scheduled by the researcher
Submitting the thesis paper for final defense
Revising the thesis paper based on the
panelists’ recommendations
Submission of the revised thesis paper for
content approval
Submission of hardbound copies of the thesis
paper for final signature.
24. Components of Research
Process
The basic components of the research process are:
1.) Problem/Objectives,
2.) Hypotheses,
3.) Theoretical/Conceptual Framework,
4.) Review of Related Literature,
5.) Research Design,
6.) Data Collection,
7.) Data Processing and Statistical Treatment,
8.) Analysis and Interpretation and
9.) Summary, Conclusions and recommendations
26. What is meant by “RESEARCH PROBLEM”?
A research problem is something that starts from a
situation of need, usually characterized by
difficulties. (Andress 1998) as cited by (Calmorin
2006).
A good research problem should respond to the
economic recovery of the country wherein the
research output can be converted into small and
medium enterprises (SMEs).
27. How to determine research
problems?
The problem is existing in the locality or country but no
known solution to the problem;
The solution can be answered by using statistical
methods and techniques;
There are probable solutions that they are not yet
tested;
The occurrence of phenomena requires scientific
investigation to arrive at precise solution and
Serious needs/problems of the people where it
demands research
29. Characteristics of a
Research Problem
A good research problem must be
timely and or up-to-date in today’s
modern world.
It must be researchable through a
scientific methodology
It must be innovative or is a probable
step to produce novel solutions.
Its solution must be relevant and
beneficial to a good number of people
30. Characteristics of a
Research Problem
It should be interesting and
challenging to solve especially to the
researcher and to the area of
specialization to which he belongs.
It has enough related readings to
help the researcher in making a
comprehensive exploration.
Its solution is significant to
community or local and national
development
31. Sources of
Research Problem
Personal experience
Specialization of the researcher
Existing programs that need to be
improved
Current and past researches
Through Consultation with experts
Extensive readings in the libraries
Recommendations from theses
Original and creative ideas of
researcher
32. Sample Research Problems:
Unclear: Why are social networking sites harmful?
Clear: How are online users experiencing or addressing
privacy issues on such social networking sites as Facebook?
Unfocused: What is the effect on the environment from
global warming?
Focused: How is garbage disposal activities affecting the
daily human sanitation?
Too Simple: How are teachers addressing absenteeism of
high school students?
Appropriate Complex: What are the traits of those
students with absenteeism and how can these
commonalities be used to solve/prevent the issue?
33. Task:
Identifying Research Problem:
Identify at least three research problems particularly in
the field of mathematics education. Support it with at least
5 related literature or related studies (from 2015-2022).
34. Sample:
To seek innovations that leverage teaching approaches and technologies to engage better the new
generation of students is one of the most critical issues facing educators nowadays. For instance, in mathematics
education, how mathematics taught, learned, and assessed with appropriate integration of technology, which
impacts mathematics curriculum. However, in the recent outbreak that threatens and disruptive the everyday life,
particularly students and the education system and it is in such circumstances that the usefulness and potential of
technology in the teaching and learning process will perhaps be putted to its real test. Also, technology integration
implementation is seemed to be challenging for mathematics education because most initiatives be likely to focus
on technological aspects rather than pedagogical and instructional aspects (Amuko, 2016).
In Singapore, mathematics teachers primarily adopted Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
towards passive behaviors such as reading and listening with occasional use of ICT towards active actions such
as creating (Tay, Lim, Lim & Koh, 2012). However, technology alone shall not be regarded as a substitute for all
pedagogies. For academic progress, it is not an automatic result of adding computer solely to learning but with the
collaboration of learning principles and pedagogies as technology-based are designed and implemented (Means,
Shear & Roschelle, 2015).
Meanwhile, mathematics educators are facing challenges with problems of students’ diversity
(d’Entremont, 2015) such as language diversity (Essein, Chitera, & Planas, 2015) and multicultural classroom
(Alsubaie, 2015). To address this, teachers need to be conscious on the socio-cultural background of their
students (Garin, Reyes, Domantay & Rosals, 2017). As such, Amit and Quoder (2017) stressed out that
Mathematics was developed simultaneously by different cultures across the world. Recent researches
increasingly concede that mathematics is indeed a cultural product, and hence, the role of culture with all its
complexities and contestations is an essential aspect of mathematics education.
