Here are the key differences between quantitative and qualitative research: 1. Quantitative research is based on measuring and analyzing numerical data using statistical and mathematical methods to explain a phenomenon. Qualitative research focuses on understanding and explaining social phenomena through words, pictures, and narratives rather than numbers. 2. Quantitative research uses structured and standardized measures like surveys and questionnaires to collect data from a large number of participants. Qualitative research uses unstructured and flexible methods like interviews, focus groups, and observations to collect data from a small number of participants. 3. Quantitative research aims to establish facts and causes of social phenomena with the goal of explaining and predicting what occurs. Qualitative research aims to explore and understand social phenomena from participants' perspectives without making broad

1. Identifying The Inquiry and
Stating The Problem
Objective
 Defining/ valuing/ making the statement of the problem, definition of
terms, significance of the study and scope of the delimitation.

2. Introduction
• Inquiry or research push you to a through or detailed investigation of
a certain subject matter.
• This kind of study involves several stages that require much time and
effort.
• The learners need more time to think in finalizing its decision about
particular topic to research on or in determining the appropriateness
of such topic by obtaining the background information of the study.
• And formulating some question that you want to answer.

3. Intend learning outcome
• The learners demonstrating to understand of
1. The range of research topics in the area inquiry.
2. The value of research in the area of interest.
3. The specificity of the problem.
4. Distinguish a researchable from non-researchable research problem.
5. Narrow down a general topic into a smaller one .
6. Explain the meaning of quantitative research problem.
7. Use prose and non-prose means comparing-contrasting the approaches and type of research
question and,
8. Apply the guidelines in stating a quantitative research problem and research question
Performance Standard
The leaners is to be able to
Formulate the clearly the statement of the problem

4. The quantitative research problem
• Guidelines in making a research problem
1. One or more sentences indicating the goals, purpose or overall
direction of the study.
2. General characteristics
-implies the possibility of empirical investigation
-identifies a need for the research
-provides focus
- provides a concise research

5. 3. Two ways of stating the problem
-Reseach problems: typically a rather general overview of the
problem with just enough information about the scope and purpose of
the study to provoke an initial understanding of the research.
-Research statement and/or question: more specific, focused
statement and question that communicate in greater details are nature
of the study.
4. General research problem
-(e.g.) the purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes of
high school students to mandated drug testing programs.
5. Specific statements and question
-(e.g.) this study examines the differences between males and
females attitudes toward mandated high school drug testing.

6. -(e.g.) what are the differences between freshmen, sophomore,
junior and senior students attitudes toward mandated high school drug
testing program?
6. Researchable and non-researchable problem
-researchable problem imply the possibility of empirical
investigation.
-what are the achievement and social differences between children
attending an academically or socially oriented pre-school program?
-what is the relationship between teachers knowledge of assessment
methods and their use of them?
7. Researchable and non-researchable problem
-non-researchable problems include explanation of how do
something, vague, proposition and value-based concern

7. -(e.g.) what are the differences between freshmen, sophomore,
junior and senior students attitudes toward mandated high school drug
testing program?
6. Researchable and non-researchable problem
-researchable problem imply the possibility of empirical
investigation.
-what are the achievement and social differences between children
attending an academically or socially oriented pre-school program?
-what is the relationship between teachers knowledge of assessment
methods and their use of them?
7. Researchable and non-researchable problem
-non-researchable problems include explanation of how do
something, vague, proposition and value-based concern

8. Source of research problem
-personal interest and experience
1. the use of formative test is statistics class
2. the use of technology in a research class
-deduction from theory
1. the effectiveness of math manipulative
2. the effectiveness of mastery approach to learning research
-replication of studies
1. checking the finding of a major study
2. checking the validity of research finding with different subject
3. checking trends or changes over time
4. checking important finding using different methodologies
5. clarification of contradictory

9. Qualitative reseach problem
-identifies the 3 specific element
 The type of research design
 The variable of interest and relationship between or among these
variable
 The subject involved in the study
Guidelines in choosing reseach topic
• Interest in subject matter
• Availability of information
• Timelines and relevance of the topic
• Limitation on the subject
• Personal ressources

10. Research topic should be avoided
 Controversial topic- these are topic that depend greatly on the writers
opinion, w/c tend to be biased or prejudicial. Fact cannot support
topic like these.
 Highly technical subjects- for the beginner, research on topic that’s
require an advice study, technical knowledge and vast experience is a
very difficult.
 Hard to investigate subject-a topic or asubject is hard to investigate
if there is no available data reading materials about it and if such
materials are not update or absolute
 Too broad subjects- a subject or a topic that are too broad will
prevent the researcher from giving a concentrated or in-depth
analysis of subject matter of the research paper.

11.  Too narrow subject- the subjects are so limited or specific that are
extensive or thorough searching or reading for information about the
subject is necessary.
 Vague subject- choosing topic like these will prevent from having a
clear insight or focus on your study. For instance, titles beginning with
indefinite adjectives such as several, many some.etc, as in some
remarkable traits of a Ilocano several peoples comments on the extra
judicial killing are vague enough to decrease the readers interest and
curiousity.

12. Writing research title
 When you writing a research paper title, authors should realized
that’s despite being repeatedly wamed against it, most people do
indeed fall prey to “judging a book by its cover.”
 The cognitive biased tends to make readers considerably susceptible
to allowing the research paper title to function as the sole factor
influencing their decision of whether to read or skip a particular
paper.
 Although seeking the professional assistance of research paper
writing service could help the cause,the author of the paper stand as
the best judge for sitting the right one tone of his/her research paper
 Readers comes across research paper titles in searches through
database and reference section of research paper.

13.  They deduce what a paper is about and relevance to them based on
the title.
 considering this it is clear that the title of your paper is the most
important determined of how many people will read it.
A good research paper title
1. Condense the papers content in a few words
2. Captured the readers attention
3. Differentiates the paper from other paper same subject area

14. Three basic tips to keep in mind while writing a title
1. Keep in simple, brief and attractive
 The primary function of a title is to provide a precise summary of the
papers content.
 So keep the title brief and clear
 Use active verb instead of complex noun-based phrase and avoid
unnecessary details.
 Moreover, a good title for a research paper is typically around 10-12
words long.
 A lenghtly title may seem unfocused and take the reader attention
away from important point.

15. 2. Use appropriate descriptive words
 A good research paper title should contained key words used in the
manuscript and should define the nature of the study.
3. Avoid abbreviation and jargon
 Known abbreviation such as AIDS,NATO and so on can be used in the
title.
 However , other lesser-known or specific abbreviation and jargon that
would not be immediately familiar to the readers should be left out

16. Scope and delimitation
It is important to narrow your thesis topic and limit the scope of your
study.
The researcher should inform the reader about limit or coverage of
the study.
The scope identifies the boundaries of the study in terms of subject,
objectives, facilities, area time frame and the issue to which the
research is focused.
Sample of phrases
-the coverage of the study……
-the study consist of…..
-study cover the….
-this study is focused on

17. The delimitation
 Is study in delimiting by geographic location,age,sex,population
traits,population size or other consideration.
 Is use to make study better and more feasibility and not just for the
interest of the researcher.
 Identifies the contains or weaknesses of your study w/c are not within
the control of the researcher.
Sample phrases
-the study does not cover the….
-the researcher limited this research to….
-this study is limited to…..

18. Exercise
• Direction: Differentiate the Quantative vs. Qualitative
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.