In recognition of National Childhood Obesity Awareness Month, I developed and facilitated a community-based "Lunch and Learn" session. I provide background information, statistics and informational resources pertaining to the obesity epidemic. Additionally, I provided nutrition and fitness related strategies to foster a healthy lifestyle.
2. “O” Is For Obesity
What is it?
Why is it a concern?
Looking forward and looking back, societal implications
What precautionary measures can be taken?
3. “O” Is For Obesity
Obesity is the result of excess body fat
Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater
Provides a “slippery slope” for a myriad of diseases
An epidemic disease, effecting children and adults worldwide
5. Different body shape, both obese?!
• Which weighs more, 1 pound of feathers or 1
pound of bricks?
• Fat takes up more volume/space
• Muscle increases metabolic rate
7. Shape Determines Disease Risk
• Visceral Fat: collects in the abdominal
cavity, packed between organs.
• Acids released must be
metabolized by the liver. This can
lead to insulin resistance in the
liver.
• High amounts of visceral fat can
lead to elevated cholesterol levels,
Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes,
among others.
• Subcutaneous Fat: collects
underneath the skin.
10. By The Numbers…
The U.S. has the highest obesity rates of 22 industrialized countries
2/3 of Americans 20 years of age and older are overweight
In 2011 – 2012, 34.9% of adults aged 20 years and older were obese
13. Convenient Food = Inconvenient Disease
Increase in food production and availability coincides with an
increase in disease
Malnutrition plagues many Americans!
A 2015 National Health and Nutrition Exam Survey, conducted
by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, found that
roughly 24% of adults have 1 nutrient deficiency
14. Convenient Food = Inconvenient Disease
Nearly 208,000 Americans under age 20 are estimated to have diagnosed
diabetes. This equates to 0.25% of the population
In 2008 – 2009 there were 18,436 adolescents with type 1 diabetes & 5,089
with type 2 diabetes
Roughly 85% of adults with diabetes are type 2 diabetics
90% of these type 2 diabetics are overweight or obese
The number of pre - diabetics, age 20 and up, has increased from 79
million to 86 million from 2010 – 2012
16. Contributing Factors
• Obesity rates on the rise due:
• Lack of physical activity
• Increased screen time (television, computers etc.)
• Reduction in cereal fiber, fruit and vegetable intake
• Excessive consumption of oversized fast foods and sodas
18. Progression, but not progress
• In 2011 – 2012, 16.9% of children ages 2 – 19 were obese
• Roughly 12.7 million children and adolescents are affected b
obesity
2012
19. A Series of Unfortunate Decisions
“Because of the increasing rates of
obesity, unhealthy eating habits and
physical inactivity, we may see the first
generation that will be less healthy and
have a shorter life expectancy than their
parents.” (American Heart Association,
2016)
20. A Lifetime of Disease
• Obesity prevalence has more than
tripled from 1971 – 2011
• Childhood Obesity is the #1 health
concern among parents in the United
States, topping drug abuse and
smoking
21. How Did We Get Here?
Increase in calorie consumption by 31%
Increase in the number of meals consumed at restaurants/fast food
Children consume 55% more calories when meals are consumed outside of
the home
Children ages 8 – 18 spend an average of 7.5 hours per day on media
devices (i.e. smart phones, television, computers, video games)
27. Move it to lose it
• In 2000, a mere 8% of public/private American elementary schools, 6.4% of
middle schools and 5.8% of high schools had existing PE programs for all
grades for the entire year
• Children who watch < 2 hours of television per day display better BMIs
• Lifestyle - related physical activity, opposed to structured exercise, is more
important for maintenance of a healthy weight
• Treatment programs that incorporate both nutritional intervention and activity
have higher success rates long – term
32. Build a Healthy Habit
• Make it a daily goal:
• 5 servings fruits & vegetables
• 2 hours or less of screen time
• 1 hour or more of physical activity
• 0 sweetened beverages
33. References
Mayo Clinic. (2015, June 10). Obesity. Retrieved August 10, 2016, from Mayo Clinic website http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obesity/basics/definition/con
American Heart Association. (2016, July 13). Obesity Information. Retrieved August 10, 2016, from The American Heart Association website
https://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/ WeightManagement/Obesity/Obesity-Information_UCM_307908_Article.jsp
WorldOMeters. (n.d.). Obesity Statistics. Retrieved August 10, 2016, from http://www.worldometers.info/obesity/
Ogden, C. L., PhD, Carrol, M. D., MSPH, Kit, B. K., MD, MPH, & Flegal, K. M., PhD. (2014). Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States,
2011 - 2012. JAMA, 311(8).http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.732.
United Health Foundation. (2016). America's Health Rankings. Retrieved August 10, 2016, from United Health Foundation website: http://www.americashealthrankings.org/all/sedentary
Let's Move. (2010, February 9). Learn the Facts. Retrieved August 10, 2016, from http://www.letsmove.gov/learn-facts/epidemic-childhood-obesity
Blank Children's Hospital. (2014, February 4). 10 Surprising Facts About Childhood Obesity. Retrieved August 10, 2016, from Unity Point Health website:
https://www.unitypoint.org/ blankchildrens/article.aspx?id=a08c96a2-c311-40d3-8eee-93d15f92b7ef
DSM. (n.d.). Think Nutrient Deficiencies Are History in US? Think Again. Retrieved August 21, 2016, from TalkingNutrition
website: http://www.dsm.com/campaigns/talkingnutrition/en_US/talkingnutrition-dsm
com/2015/03/ExpBio_Abstract_586Point2.html
American Diabetes Association. (2016, April 1). Statistics About Diabetes. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/
Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness and Council on School Health. (2006). Active Healthy Living: Prevention of Childhood Obesity Through Increased Physical
Activity. American Academy of Pediatrics, 117(5), 1834-1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0472
American Heart Association. (2016, July 5). Overweight in Children. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/HealthyKids/ChildhoodObesity/
Overweight-in-Children_UCM_304054_Article.jsp#.V7tuIXnVx7g
Williamson, J. (n.d.). How To Measure and Lose Visceral Fat. Retrieved August 24, 2016, from Health Guidance website: http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/16040/1/ How-to-Measure-
and-Lose-Visceral-Fat.html
Notas del editor
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a height to weight ratio.
BMI is commonly used in the health care industry as a means of determining a person’s health status and or risk for various diseases; primarily those associated with carrying excess fat. However, BMI is not the “end – all – be – all”, in terms of diagnoses. Let’s consider a scenario, two individuals, Bob and Steve are the same height (5’ 11”) and roughly the same weight 215#. Bob engages in heavy lifting 4 times per week, and cardio 3 times per week while, Steve takes leisurely 20 minute walks 2 times per week. On paper, these two individuals would appear to have similar health risks, as their BMI’s are the same, however, upon gleaning additional information into their activity habits it becomes a little more clear that Bob likely has a higher % of lean muscle mass than Steve. Even though Bob’s BMI places him in the “obese” category the story does not end there. Numbers are important in the health care industry, but each individual must be examined on a case – by – case basis to ensure that appropriate diagnoses are made.
Tests such as the BODPOD are ways in which both BMI and lean muscle mass can be measured.
Less active lifestyles. Kids are not engaging in sports/physical education in school. Portion sizes have increased astronomically, from a 13.6 oz sweetened beverage to a 20 oz sweetened beverage being the norm. 31% more calories are consumed/day than 40 years ago, and kids are consuming 3 snacks per day appose to 1 snack. 1 in 5 kids consume up to 6 snacks per day. This results in roughly 200 additional calories per day. Kids are also consuming 56% more fats and oils and 14% more sugar and sweetened beverages are consumed than in the 1970’s.
Fewer meals are cooked at home and fast food and pre – packaged foods are consumed more often.
