This is an "Introduction to Office 365" session that I performed to the SharePoint User Group in Geneva in March 2014.
I cover the architecture of Office 365 (and related technologies) and focus in on SharePoint Online and the administration tools.
I also discuss a few "Cloud" based topics that are not necessarily Office 365 focused, but considerations that you should think about before engaging ANY cloud provider.
2. Mark Stokes
Red Plane
Microsoft Partner in North West UK
www.redplane.co.uk
@FlyRedPlane
Office 365, SharePoint, Azure, nopCommerce, Windows 8 Apps, Windows Phone
Apps, iOS Apps, .Net
mark.stokes@redplane.co.uk
@MarkStokes
Interests: SharePoint, Technology, Photography, Raspberry
Pi, Snowboarding, Mountain Biking, Running, Tough Mudder, My Dog - Hugo
3. Agenda
What is Office 365
SharePoint Online
Office 365 Administration
SharePoint Administration
What the marketing does and doesn’t
tell you
Service Continuity
Cloud Considerations
Trust – Security & Privacy
Office 365 Datacentre locations
Control
Cost / Benefits
Boundaries and Limits for Office 365
On-Premises / Office 365 Hybrid
Power BI for Office 365
Migrating to Office 365
Application Development
Some other things to think about
6. What is Office 365?
Office 365
Lync Online
Exchange
Online
7. What is Office 365?
Office 365
Lync
Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
8. What is Office 365?
Office 365
Lync
Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
9. What is Office 365?
Windows Azure Active Directory
Office 365
Lync
Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
10. What is Office 365?
Windows Azure Active Directory
Office 365
Lync Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
Azure
Hosted
Applications
11. What is Office 365?
Windows Azure Active Directory
Office 365
Lync Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
Azure
Hosted
Applications
.Net
Application
12. What is Office 365?
Windows Azure Active Directory
Office 365
Lync Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
Azure Hosted
Applications
.Net
Application
PHP
Application
13. What is Office 365?
Windows Azure Active Directory
Office 365
Lync Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
Azure Hosted
Applications
.Net
Application
PHP
Application
What else
can you
think ok?
14. What is Office 365?
Windows Azure Active Directory
Power
BI for
Office
365
Office 365
Lync Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
Azure Hosted Applications
.Net
Application
PHP
Application
What else
can you
think ok?
15. What is Office 365?
Windows Azure Active Directory
Dynamics
CRM
Online
Power BI
for
Office
365
Office 365
Lync Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
Azure Hosted Applications
.Net
Application
PHP
Application
What else
can you
think ok?
16. What is Office 365?
Windows Azure Active Directory
Dynamics
CRM
Online
Power BI
for Office
365
Office
Web Apps
Office 365
Lync Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
Azure Hosted Applications
.Net
Application
PHP
Application
What else
can you
think ok?
17. What is Office 365?
On-Premises Active Directory
Windows Azure Active Directory
Dynamics
CRM
Online
Power BI
for Office
365
Office
Web Apps
Office 365
Lync Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
Azure Hosted Applications
.Net
Application
PHP
Application
What else
can you
think ok?
18. What is Office 365?
On-Premises Active Directory
ADFS / DirSync
Windows Azure Active Directory
Dynamics
CRM Online
Power BI
for Office
365
Office Web
Apps
Office 365
Lync
Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
Azure Hosted Applications
.Net
Application
PHP
Application
What else
can you
think ok?
19. What is Office 365?
On-Premises Active Directory
ADFS / DirSync
Yammer Windows Azure Active Directory
Dynamics
CRM Online
Power BI for
Office 365
Office Web
Apps
Office 365
Lync Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
Azure Hosted Applications
.Net
Application
PHP
Application
What else
can you
think ok?
20. What is Office 365?
On-Premises Active Directory
ADFS / DirSync
Windows Azure Active Directory
Yammer
Dynamics
CRM Online
Power BI
for Office
365
Office Web
Apps
Office 365
Lync
Online
Exchange
Online
SharePoint
Online
Office Pro
Plus
Azure Hosted Applications
.Net
Application
PHP
Application
What else
can you
think ok?
39. SharePoint Online
SharePoint Online
SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC
Search BCS
Secure
Store
InfoPath
Forms
User
Profiles
Records
Mngmt
OneDrive
for
Business
Managed
Metadata
41. SharePoint Online
SharePoint Online
Apps
SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Search
Search BCS
Secure
Store
InfoPath
Forms
User
Profiles
Records
Mngmt
OneDrive
for
Business
Managed
Metadata
42. SharePoint Online
SharePoint Online
Apps
SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Search CTHub
Search BCS
Secure
Store
InfoPath
Forms
User
Profiles
Records
Mngmt
OneDrive
for
Business
Managed
Metadata
43. SharePoint Online
SharePoint Online
Apps
SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Search CTHub
App
Catalog
Search BCS
Secure
Store
InfoPath
Forms
User
Profiles
Records
Mngmt
OneDrive
for
Business
Managed
Metadata
44. SharePoint Online
SharePoint Online
Apps
SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Search CTHub
App
Catalog
Public
Website
Search BCS
Secure
Store
InfoPath
Forms
User
Profiles
Records
Mngmt
OneDrive
for
Business
Managed
Metadata
82. PowerShell
Office 365 offers a large suit of PowerShell cmdlets for common
administrative tasks
SharePoint Online? Not so much!
30 cmdlets in SharePoint Online vs 774 in SharePoint 2013 on-premises
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fp161364(v=office.15).aspx
Community efforts to wrap CSOM code in PowerShell cmdlets
Gary Lapointe
http://blog.falchionconsulting.com/index.php/2014/01/announcing-my-custom-
sharepoint-online-cmdlets/
Chris O’Brien
http://www.sharepointnutsandbolts.com/2013/12/Using-CSOM-in-PowerShell-
scripts-with-Office365.html
83. Delegated Administrators
You can give your preferred MS Partner “Delegated Administrator” access to
your tenancy
They can now log into your Tenancy Administration pages and make changes
on your behalf
Delegate Administration means you do not have to purchase a license for your
MS Partner to support you
And they don’t have to maintain account details for every client!
84. What the marketing tells you
No upfront “infrastructure” costs
Simple per user per month licencing cost
It’s always there (99.9% uptime – Financially backed!)
Access Anywhere, Anytime on Any Device
You will save money
It’s quick, easy and idiot proof
There is no downside
It’s the future
We are “all in”
It what you should be doing…..
85. What the marketing doesn't tell you
Upfront Costs
Awareness, education and training on new systems
You still need to “design” your cloud environment
You still need to migrate your content into The Cloud
You might need to invest in faster / more robust Internet connectivity
De-provisioning costs of existing infrastructure
Supporting Architecture – DirSync / ADFS – Single Sign-On
Vendor Lock-in
Lack of control of the platform
You will (should) save money if you do it right and have a medium to long term
strategy
How good is your MS Partner at setting up and configuring the services?
86. Service Continuity
Redundancy
Physical redundancy at server, datacenter, and
service levels
Data redundancy with robust failover capabilities
Functional redundancy with offline functionality
Resiliency
Active load balancing
Automated failover with human backup
Recovery testing across failure domains
Distributed services
Distributed component services like Exchange
Online, SharePoint Online, and Lync Online limit
scope and impact of any failures in a component
Directory data replicated across component
services insulates one service from another in any
failure events
Simplified operations and deployment
Monitoring
Internal monitoring built to drive automatic
recovery
Outside-in monitoring raises alerts about incidents
Extensive diagnostics provide logging, auditing, and
granular tracing
Simplification
Standardized hardware reduces issue isolation
complexities
Fully automated deployment models, making
deployment easier than ever
Standard built-in management mechanism
Human backup
Automated recovery actions with 24/7 on-call
support
Team with diverse skills on the call provides rapid
response and resolution
Continuous improvement by learning from the on-
call teams
87. Service Continuity
Continuous learning
If an incident occurs, regardless of the
magnitude of impact we do a thorough post-
incident review every time
Our post-incident review consists of analysis of
what happened, our response, and our plan to
prevent it in the future
In the event your organization was affected by
a service incident, we share the post-incident
review with you
Consistent communication
Transparency requires consistent
communication, especially when you are using
the service
We have a number of communication channels
such as email, RSS feeds, and the very
important and highly relevant Service Health
Dashboard
Consistent communication
88. Trust - Security
Is your Cloud Provider Secure?
Do you “Trust” your cloud provider with your data?
What accreditations does you Cloud provider have (e.g. IL2 / IL3)
Are there any recorded security breaches?
What level of security to you actually need?
Could YOU do a better job of securing your own data?
Security of Data at Rest
Security of Data in Transit
89. Trust - Privacy / Data Protection
Where is your data?
The laws of the land in the location where your data is stored
Check the small print of your Service Providers Terms and Conditions
Who owns your data?
And what can they do with it?
PRISM
Safe Harbor
Additional questions are:
Just how private is your data REALLY?
Are hackers REALLY going to be interested in YOUR data?
If yes, then can your Cloud provider provide “at least the same” level of privacy control that
you could do yourself?
90. PRISM
Clandestine mass electronic surveillance data mining program
Operated by the US National Security Agency (NSA) since 2007
Collects stored Internet Communications based on demands made to Internet companies such
as Google, Microsoft, Yahoo!, Facebook, PalTalk, YouTube, Skype, AOL, Apple
Provides – E-mail, Chat (Video & Voice), Videos, Photos, Stored data, VoIP, File
Transfers, Video Conferencing, Notifications of target activity (logins, etc), Online Social
Networking details, Special Requests
US as a World’s Telecommunications Backbone
Much of the worlds communications flow through the US
A target’s phone call, e-mail or chat will take the cheapest path, not the physically most
direct path – you can’t always predict the path.
A target’s communications could easily be flowing into and through the U.S.
91. US-EU Safe Harbor
Streamlined process for US companies to comply with EU Directive on the
protection of personal data
Companies operating in the EU are not allowed to send personal data to
countries outside of the European Economic Area unless there is a guarantee
that it will receive adequate levels of protection
Intended for organisations within the EU or US that stores customer data, the
Safe Harbor Principles are designed to prevent accidental information
disclosure or loss.
US companies can opt into the program as long as they adhere to the 7
principles outlined in the directive.
92. US-EU Safe Harbor Principles
Notice – Individuals must be informed that their data is being collected and
how it will be used
Choice – individuals must have the ability to opt out of the collection and
forward transfer of the data to third parties
Onward Transfer – Transfers of data to third parties may only occur to other
organisations that follow adequate data protection principles
Security – Reasonable efforts must be made to prevent loss of collected data
Data integrity – Data must be relevant and reliable for the purpose it was
collected for
Access – Individuals must be able to access information held about them, and
correct or delete it if it is inaccurate
Enforcement – There must be effective means of enforcing these rules
93. Office 365 – Datacentre Locations
Split into Regions
North America
South America
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Asia, Australia
------------------------------------
Office 365 Government Plans
Each Region as a Primary and Backup Datacentre
http://www.microsoft.com/online/legal/v2/?docid=25
94. Office 365 – Datacentre Locations
North America
Primary: United States
Backup: United States
South America (Except Brazil)
Primary: United States
Backup: United States
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Office 365 & Dynamics CRM Online
Primary: Netherlands and Ireland
Lync Online (provisioned prior to October
2011) - May have their Lync Online services
hosted in the United States
Backup: Netherlands and Ireland
Except Active Directory and Global Address
Book data are hosted out of datacentres in
the United States to optimize performance
Asia, Australia
Primary: Hong Kong and Singapore
Active Directory and Global Address Book
data could be in
Singapore, Netherlands, United States
Lync Online (provisioned prior to October
2011) - May have their Lync Online services
hosted in the United States
Backup: Hong Kong and Singapore
Active Directory and Global Address Book
data could be in
Singapore, Netherlands, United States
Office 365 Government (US) Plans
Primary: United States
Backup: United States
95. Office 365 – Data Center Locations - Brazil
For customers located in Brazil, the primary data center for SharePoint Online
is in Brazil. For customers provisioned for Exchange Online after October
30, 2011, a data center in Brazil is used interchangeably with a data center in
the United States as the primary data center. For customers provisioned for
Exchange Online prior to October 30, 2011 the primary data center continues
to be in the United States.
96. Control - Or rather the lack of
You no longer control the platform
You no longer have control over platform updates
What warning / communication do you have of impending updates?
How do you test your configuration / customisations against impending updates?
What support capability is offered? /what are the SLAs?
97. Cost benefits
Compare on-premises to cloud for certain scenarios
Focus on running your company rather than being an IT company that makes some
widgets
Short, medium or long term investment?
Capital Expenditure to Operational Expenditure
98. CapEx vs OpEx
CAPEX OPEX
Definition:
Capital expenditures are expenditures creating future benefits. A
capital expenditure is incurred when a business spends money either
to buy fixed assets or to add to the value of an existing asset with a
useful life that extends beyond the tax year.
OPEX refers to expenses incurred in the course
of ordinary business, such as sales, general
and administrative expenses (and excluding cost
of goods sold – or COGS, taxes, depreciation and
interest).
Also known as: Capital Expense Operating Expenditure, Revenue Expenditure
Accounting treatment:
Cannot be fully deducted in the period when they were incurred.
Tangible assets are depreciated and intangible assets are amortized
over time.
Operating expenses are fully deducted in the
accounting period during which they were
incurred.
In throughput accounting: Money spent on inventory falls under CAPEX.
The money spent turning inventory into
throughput is OPEX.
In real estate term: Costs incurred for buying the income producing property.
Costs associated with the operation and
maintenance of an income producing property.
Examples:
Buying machinery and other equipment, acquiring intellectual
property assets like patents, furniture and fixtures
Wages, maintenance and repair of machinery,
utilities, rent, SG&A expenses, license fees,
office running expenses
http://www.office365-singapore.com/microsoft-office-365/office-365-opex-cost-savings/
99. Boundaries and Limits – Small Business
FEATURE DESCRIPTION
Storage per user (contributes to
total storage base of tenant)
500 megabytes (MB) per subscribed user.
Site collection quota limit Up to 1 TB per site collection. (25 GB for a trial).
The minimum storage allocation per site collection is 100 MB.
Site collections (#) per tenant 1 site collection per tenant.
Sub sites Up to 2,000 sub sites per site collection
Total available tenant storage 10 GB + 500 MB per user.
For example, if you have 10 users, the base storage allocation is 15 GB (10 GB + 500 MB * 10 users).
You can purchase additional storage up to a maximum of 1TB.
Personal site storage 25 GB per user, as soon as provisioned.
This amount is counted separately, and does not add to or subtract from the overall storage allocation for a
tenant. Personal site storage applies to a user’s OneDrive for Business library and personal newsfeed. For more
information, see Additional information about OneDrive for Business limits.
Public Website storage default 5 GB
A SharePoint admin can allocate up to 1 TB (the limit for a site collection).
File upload limit 2 GB per file.
Sync limits 20,000 items in the OneDrive for Business library, including files and folders.
5,000 items in site libraries, including files and folders.
Number of users 1 - 25 users
Maximum number of external
users invitees
Up to 500 unique external users in the directory (external users who have accepted sharing invitations).
What is an external user?
100. Boundaries and Limits – Midsize Business
FEATURE DESCRIPTION
Storage per user (contributes to total
storage base of tenant)
500 megabytes (MB) per subscribed user.
Storage base per tenant 10 GB + 500 MB per subscribed user.
For example, if you have 250 users, the base storage allocation is 135 GB (10 GB + 500 MB * 250 users).
You can purchase additional storage up to a maximum of 20 TB.
Additional storage at a cost per GB per
month.
To buy storage, see Change storage space for your subscription.
IMPORTANT You can’t buy additional storage for a trial subscription.
Site collection quota limit Up to 1 TB per site collection. (25 GB for a trial).
SharePoint admins can set storage limits for site collections and sites. The minimum storage allocation per site
collection is 100 MB.
Site collections (#) per tenant 20 site collections (other than personal sites).
Subsites Up to 2,000 subsites per site collection.
Personal site storage 25 GB per user, as soon as provisioned.
Personal site storage applies to a user’s OneDrive for Business library and personal newsfeed. This amount is counted
separately, and does not add to or subtract the overall storage allocation for a tenant. A SharePoint admin can
allocate up to 1 TB per user. See Manage storage limits for OneDrive for Business libraries for details.
For more information about OneDrive for Business, see Additional information aboutOneDrive for
Business limits later in this article.
Public Website storage default 5 GB
A SharePoint admin can allocate up to 1 TB (the limit for a site collection).
File upload limit 2 GB per file.
Sync limits 20,000 items in the OneDrive for Business library, including files and folders.
5,000 items in site libraries, including files and folders.
Number of users 1 - 250 users
Maximum number of external user
invitees
Up to 10,000 unique external users in the directory (external users who have accepted sharing invitations).
What is an external user?
101. Boundaries and Limits – Enterprise,
Education, and Government
FEATURE OFFICE 365 ENTERPRISE PLANS (INCLUDING E1 – E4, A2-A4, G1-G4, AND
SHAREPOINT ONLINE PLAN 1 AND PLAN 2)
OFFICE 365 KIOSK PLANS (ENTERPRISE AND
GOVERNMENT K1 – K2)
Storage per user (contributes to total
storage base of tenant)
500 megabytes (MB) per subscribed user. Zero (0).
Licensed Kiosk Workers do not add to the tenant storage
base.
Additional storage (per GB per month);
no minimum purchase
To buy storage, see Change storage space for your subscription.
IMPORTANT You can’t buy additional storage for a trial subscription.
To buy storage, see Change storage space for your
subscription.
IMPORTANT You can’t buy additional storage for a trial
subscription.
Storage base per tenant 10 GB + 500 MB per subscribed user + additional storage purchased.
For example, if you have 10,000 users, the base storage allocation is
approximately 5 TB (10 GB + 500 MB * 10,000 users).
You can purchase an unlimited amount of additional storage.
IMPORTANT If you have a Government Community Cloud plan, you can
purchase additional storage up to 25 TB.
10 GB + additional storage purchased.
You can purchase an unlimited amount of additional
storage.
IMPORTANT If you have a Government Community Cloud
plan, you can purchase additional storage up to 25 TB.
Site collection storage limit Up to 1 TB per site collection. (25 GB for trial).
SharePoint admins can set storage limits for site collections and sites. The
minimum storage allocation per site collection is 100 MB.
IMPORTANT If you have a Government Community Cloud plan, the limit is
100 GB.
Up to 1 TB per site collection. (25 GB for a trial).
SharePoint admins can set storage limits for site
collections and sites. The minimum storage allocation per
site collection is 100 MB.
IMPORTANT If you have a Government Community Cloud
plan, the limit is 100 GB.
Kiosk workers (plans K1-K2) cannot administer SharePoint
site collections. You will need a license for at least one
Enterprise plan user to manage Kiosk site collections.
Site collections (#) per tenant 10,000 site collections (other than personal sites). 10,000 site collections.
Subsites Up to 2,000 subsites per site collection Up to 2,000 subsites per site collection
102. Boundaries and Limits – Enterprise,
Education, and Government
FEATURE OFFICE 365 ENTERPRISE PLANS (INCLUDING E1 – E4, A2-A4, G1-G4, AND
SHAREPOINT ONLINE PLAN 1 AND PLAN 2)
OFFICE 365 KIOSK PLANS (ENTERPRISE AND GOVERNMENT
K1 – K2)
Personal site storage 25 GB per user, as soon as provisioned.
Personal site storage applies to a user’s OneDrive for Business library and
personal newsfeed. This amount is counted separately, and does not add to or
subtract the overall storage allocation for a tenant. A SharePoint admin can
allocate up to 1 TB per user. See Manage storage limits for OneDrive for Business
libraries for details.
For more information about OneDrive for Business, seeAdditional information
about OneDrive for Business limits later in this article.
Not available.
Public Website storage default 5 GB
A SharePoint admin can allocate up to 1 TB (the limit for a site collection).
5 GB
A SharePoint admin can allocate up to 1 TB (the limit for a
site collection).
Kiosk workers (plans K1-K2) cannot administer SharePoint
site collections. You will need a license for at least one
Enterprise plan user to manage Kiosk site collections.
File upload limit 2 GB per file. 2 GB per file.
Sync limits 20,000 items in the OneDrive for Business library, including files and folders.
5,000 items in site libraries, including files and folders.
20,000 items in the OneDrive for Business library, including
files and folders.
5,000 items in site libraries, including files and folders.
Maximum number of users per tenant 1 – 500,000+
NOTE If you have more than 500,000 users, please contact the Microsoft
represenative to discuss detailed requirements.
1 – 500,000+
NOTE If you have more than 500,000 users, please contact
the Microsoft represenative to discuss detailed requirements.
Maximum number of external user
invitees
Up to 10,000 unique external users in the directory (external users who have
accepted sharing invitations).
What is an external user?
Up to 10,000 unique external users in the directory (external
users who have accepted sharing invitations).
What is an external user?
105. Application Development
No farm solutions
No web solutions
App Model
SharePoint Hosted
Auto-Hosted (beware!)
Provider Hosted
Sandboxed Solution
JSOM / REST
Deployment?
Testing?
Support?
106. Things to think about
Content Migration
Connectivity
Internet Connectivity
Cloud connectivity to on-premises LOB applications
Features
Do you need features your chosen cloud doesn't have / support?
Customisations
Developing
Deploying
Maintenance / Support - Third Party Support Contracts (changes to the platform
might break your code)
107. Office 365 – #SPC14 updates
Full Social integration of Yammer in 365
Project codenamed Oslo – Graph Search for Office 365
365 Video portal template, using Azure media services
New Power BI capabilities in 365, dynamic mapping techniques and Natural Querying Language for BI
Office 365 fully integrated on Apple, Android and Microsoft Devices
1TB Site collection limit for 365
Infinite Scale tenancies in 365
New Elastic Encrypted Storage for 365
One Drive for Business On Premises, Hybrid or Full Cloud
Simplified global RESTful API for Office 365
Bridges between Dynamics and SharePoint
New Compose App feature for office 365, quickly throw together HTML5 apps that communicate
through REST
108. Links
SharePoint Online Service Description (list of features)
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj819267.aspx
Large mailboxes: Each user gets 50 GB of mailbox storage and can send messages up to 25 MB in sizeOutlook support: Users can connect supported copies of Outlook to Exchange Online, so they can use the rich client application they already know.Web-based access: For web-client access, Outlook Web App provides a premium browser-based experience that matches the look and feel of the full Outlook client.Mobility: Mobile access is available from all phones that can receive email, including Windows Phone, iPhone, Android, and Blackberry devices.Shared calendar and contacts: Users can compare calendars to schedule meetings and can access collaboration features, including shared calendars, groups, the global address list, external contacts, tasks, conference rooms, and delegation capabilities.Apps for Outlook: Users can spend less time switching between apps with an extension model that allows third-party web applications easy plug-in access for both Outlook and Outlook Web App.Security: Every mailbox is protected with premier anti-malware and anti-spam protection via Exchange Online Protection.In-Place Archive: Reduce inbox clutter by automatically moving old messages to an In-Place Archive.E2 Plans also offerIn-Place Hold: Use In-Place Hold to preserve deleted and edited mailbox items from users' primary mailboxes and In-Place Archives.Unlimited storage: Take advantage of unlimited storage (50 GB of storage in the user's primary mailbox, plus unlimited storage in the user's In-Place Archive).Hosted voice mail: Take advantage of hosted Unified Messaging services that provide call answering, a dial-in user interface, and company automated attendant capabilities.Data Loss Prevention (DLP):Control sensitive business data with built-in DLP policies based on regulatory standards such as PII and PCI, which help to identify, monitor, and protect sensitive data through deep content analysis.
IT service continuity is a subset of business continuity planning and encompasses IT disaster recovery planning and wider IT resilience planning. It is the process of assessing and managing risks associated with information technology (IT) departments. It involves the evaluation of values, threats, risks, vulnerabilities and development of countermeasures to ensure continuation in the event of an IT services disruption.
European Economic Area:- Member states of the EU, except Croatia, who is expected to join later, plus Iceland, Lichtenstein and Norway