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LED and Energy Efficient Lighting Worldwide Markets: Indoor, Outdoor,
Residential, Commercial
August 1, 2010
The lighting industry is abuzz with new technologies to meet energy savings
requirements. Compact fluorescent lights, CFLs, light emitting diodes, LEDs, and
organic light emitting diodes, OLEDs, are becoming familiar terms.
The CFL was expected to become the dominant provider of residential general
illumination. But the success of the CFL is also its failure. Its longer life has cut into its
own sales. These sales are misleading as they were initially heavily subsidized by
governments. The initial quality of CFLs produced were poor resulting in less than
expected net savings. The EPA warnings about how to contain a broken CFL were such
that families with small children would think twice before installing one. Recyclability of
the CFL has not really been addressed in a uniform way. Therefore, the once incredible
wind-fall market, mandated by governments, may never be realized for CFLs. In fact US
imports of CFLs rose from 144 million units in 2005 to 460 million units in 2007 (a 300%
gain) but then fell to 317 million units in 2009.
Cold cathode fluorescent lights (CCFLs) hidden behind LCD displays are being
replaced. Light emitting diodes (LEDs), once limited to red, amber, and green have
bloomed in white light. Advances are occurring almost daily in developing white LEDs
that are more naturally colored and brighter. The highest grades are called high-brights
(HB-LEDs). HB-LEDs are moving in to take the lead as back-lighting agents leading to
thinner, lighter, and brighter displays.
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are formed from organic rather than inorganic
materials and are printed rather than etched or layered on a semiconductor chip.
Printing is an economical process but requires great control. So far OLEDs are still
waiting for their big technological break-though but it’s only a matter of time.
Quickly on the heels of the diodes are other more exotic technologies including
quantum dots and semi-micro-electro-mechanical systems (micro machines!).
All of these competing technologies have advantages and disadvantages. As of now the
markets are wide open and can accommodate many participants. Because the entry

2. cost to some of these technologies is fairly low even small operators have chances to
make big profits. However, once a 15% reduction in energy is achieved advanced
lighting controls, smart grids etc. will offer less savings.
LED and Energy Efficient Lighting Worldwide Markets: Indoor, Outdoor, Residential,
Commercial reviews these technologies and their applications in general illumination,
illuminated signage, electronic displays and vehicular lighting applications.
The report contains comprehensive data on the U.S. and international market for
lighting elements of all types. Historic data goes back to 2005 while projections are
made though 2014. Data is presented on value and volume of shipments and estimates
made of future market size for established and developing technologies. A key chapter
discusses the many, many influences on the market and their interaction. The study
profiles major marketers and companies to watch as this shakeout continues.
Report Methodology
The information in LED and Energy Efficient Lighting Worldwide Markets is based on
data from the US and foreign trade data, industry and university publications, interviews
with industry experts, along with information from several trade associations, the US
Department of Energy, United Nations energy program information, business journals,
company literature and websites, and research services such as Simmons Market
Research Bureau.
What You’ll Get in This Report
LED and Energy Efficient Lighting Worldwide Markets presents the market data
gathered together from various government and private sources and weaves an
understanding between the numbers. Reading this report and reviewing the data
presented will give the reader a sense of perspective and insight. Perspective on how
we got here and insight on how to use the information to your best advantage is offered.
The big playing field of the lighting industry is characterized with 17 lighting industry
profiles. Over 100 figures and graphs portray data in a way that is conducive to
discerning the relationships between market facts.
How You’ll Benefit from This Report
If your company is already doing business in the lighting market, or is considering
making the leap, you will find this report invaluable, as it provides a comprehensive
package of information and insight not offered in any other single source. You will gain a
thorough understanding of the current market for lamps and luminaries as well as
projected markets and trends through 2014.
This report will help:

3. Marketing managers identify market opportunities and develop targeted
promotion plans for luminaries, lamps, backlighting, and other lighting uses.
Research and development professionals stay on top of competitor initiatives
and explore demand for high tech, low energy lighting solutions..
Building designers will learn about lighting choices in the green building market
as well as broadcast and studio designers.
Comprehensive information is provided the effect of lighting components in the
markets of home theatres, consumer electronics, and automotive.
City planners and utility commissioners will receive timely information
regarding energy efficient lighting choices and how they should and should not
be promoted.
The involved public will benefit from factual presentation of the advantages and
disadvantages of competing lighting options and will be able to make informed
local decisions as a result.
Information and research center librarians provide market researchers, brand
and product managers and other colleagues with the vital information they need
to do their jobs more effectively.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
Introduction to the Topic
Figure 1-1: Pictorial Development of Lighting Market
Data
Methodology
Terminology
Table 1-1: Industry versus Common Terminology
The Market
Figure 1-2: World Lighting Market, 2005-2009
Figure 1-3: Indoor, Outdoor, Residential, Commercial World Market Segments Actual 2005- 2009(e)
World Manufacturers
Figure 1-4: Selected Exports of Incandescent Bulbs, 2005-2009 ($ millions)
CFLs participation in the United States General Illumination Market

4. Figure 1-5: U.S. Imports of CFLs, Value and Volume, 2005-2009
General Illumination, Outdoor
Figure 1-6: Worldwide Exports of Outdoor Lighting ($ millions)
Illuminated Signage
Figure 1-7: World Market for Illuminated Signs, Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014
Figure 1-8: U.S. Market for Illuminated Signs, Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014
Vehicular Lighting
Figure 1-9: Worldwide Market for Vehicular Lighting, 2005-2009
Figure 1-10: U.S. Vehicular Lighting Systems Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014
Electronic Displays
Figure 1-11: Market Share Backlighting Technologies for LCD-TV, 2009(e)-2015(p).
Figure 1-12: World Market for LEDs ($ billions)
Figure 1-13: LED World Markets, 2009 ($ millions)
LED Price Points
Figure 1-14: World High-power HB-LED Pricing Quarter 1 2008-Quarter 1 2010
Figure 1-15: Actual and Projected Markets for HB-LEDs through 2014 ($ billions)
Figure 1-16: Effects of Stimulus Spending on White LED Pricing
Market Trends
Global Warming was the Initial Motivator
Figure 1-17: U.S. Sources of Energy Used for Generation of Electricity, 2009
The CFL and the LED
Trends in Roadway Lighting
Trends in Vehicular Lighting
Trends in Signage
Trends in Electronic Displays

5. Government funding
Corporate maneuverings
Emerging Technologies
Chapter 2: Overview
Incandescent
Fluorescent
Electronic Circuitry
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
Figure 2-1: LED Diagram
General Illumination Requires More of LEDs
p-n Junctions
Organic LEDs
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)
Figure 2-2: Liquid Crystal Display Pixel Diagram
Micro-electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS)
Interferometer Modulation
LED Backlighting
Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFLs)
LED
Chapter 3: The Market
Scope
Figure 3-1: Energy Efficient Lighting Market
Methodology and Data Presentation Notes

6. The World Lighting Market
Figure 3-2: World Lighting Market, General Illumination and Other, 2005-2009(e) ($ billions)
Figure 3-3: Indoor, Outdoor, Residential, Commercial World Market Segments Actual 2005- 2009(e)
Lighting Market Segments
Figure 3-4: World Exports by Lighting Market Segment, 2005-2009(e)
General Illumination World Market
Luminaires
ndoor Lighting, General Illumination
Figure 3-5: World Indoor Lighting Market Exports by Light Component, 2005-2009(e)
Figure 3-6: World Residential Lighting Market Exports by Component, 2005-2009(e)
Figure 3-7: World Exports of Commercial and Industrial Lighting by Component, 2005-2009(e)
Figure 3-8: Worldwide Exports of Other Incandescent, Non-Halogen Lighting, 2005-2009(e) ($ millions)
Figure 3-9: Worldwide Exports of Indoor Halogen Lighting, 2005-2009 ($ millions)
The Top Light Bulb Manufacturing Countries
Figure 3-10: China Top World Exporter of General Illumination Goods, 2008 ($ billions)
Figure 3-11: Top Importers of General Illumination Goods, 2008
Figure 3-12: Exports of Incandescent Bulbs by Selected Countries, 2005-2009 ($ millions)
Figure 3-13: Exports of Fluorescent Bulbs by Selected Countries, 2005-2009 ($ millions)
U.S. Indoor Lighting Market
Figure 3-14: U.S. Numbers of General Illumination Light Sockets, 2009 (billion units)
Figure 3-15: U.S. Production and Import of Light Bulbs, Incandescent and Fluorescent, 2005-2009
Figure 3-16: U.S. Imports of Indoor Lighting Bulbs, 2005—2009 ($ millions)
Figure 3-17: U.S. Imports of Indoor Lighting Bulbs, 2005—2009 (units in millions)
Figure 3-18: Distribution of U.S. Imported Bulbs by Value
Projected U.S. Imports of Light Bulbs through 2014

7. Incandescent Light Bulbs
Figure 3-19: Actual, 2005-2009, and Projected, 2010-2014, U.S. Import of General Use Incandescent Light
Bulbs ($ millions)
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Figure 3-20: U.S. Imports of CFLs, Projected 2005-2009
Halogen Lamps
Figure 3-21: U.S. imports of Indoor Halogen Lamps, Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010—2014
Figure 3-22: U.S. Imports of Fluorescent Tube Lamps (FTLs), Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014
Ballasts
Figure 3-23: Comparison of Source of Imports of Ballast for Fluorescent Lighting, 2005 to 2009
Outdoor Lighting, General Illumination
Figure 3-24: Worldwide Exports of Outdoor Lighting, 2005-2009(e) ($ millions)
HID Lighting
Figure 3-25: Market Share of Top Five Discharge Lighting Exporters, 2005-2009(e)
Roadway Lighting
Figure 3-26: U.S. Outdoor General Illumination Distribution by Lamp type
Figure 3-27: U.S. Imports of Outdoor Lighting 2005—2009
Signage and Advertising, Illuminated Displays
Figure 3-28: World Market for Illuminated Signs, Large Displays, 2005-2009 ($ billions)
Top Manufacturers of Illuminated Signs
Figure 3-29: Top Worldwide Manufacturers of Illuminated Signs, 2009 ($ billions)
Figure 3-30: World Market Exports in Illuminated Signage, 2005-2008
Figure 3-31: Shifts in Market Share by the Top Five Exporters of Illuminated Signage, 2005-2009
U.S. Illuminated Signs and Large Display Market
Figure 3-32: U.S. Imports of Illuminated Signs, 2005-2009 ($ millions)

8. Figure 3-33: U.S. Exports of Illuminated Signs, Large Displays, 2005-2009 ($ millions)
Digital Billboards
Table 3-1: Digital Billboards
Illuminated Sign Market Projections through 2014
Figure 3-34: World Market for Illuminated Signs, Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014
Figure 3-35: U.S. Market for Illuminated Signs, Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014
Vehicular Lighting Systems
World Market for Vehicle Lighting
Figure 3-36: Exports of Automotive Parts and Accessories, 2008 by Country
Vehicle Lighting
Figure 3-37: Worldwide Market for Vehicular Lighting, 2005-2009
The U.S. Market for Vehicle Lighting
Figure 3-38: U.S. Shipments of Vehicle Lighting Equipment, 2005-2009 ($ billions)
Figure 3-39: U.S. Imports of Vehicle Lamps, 2005-2009
Figure 3-40: U.S. Exports of Sealed Beam Headlamps, 2005-2009 ($ millions)
Figure 3-41: U.S. Exports of Sealed Beam Headlights for Vehicle, 2005-2009 (in millions of units and Average
Selling price)
U.S. Vehicular Lighting Systems Forecast to 2014
Figure 3-42: U.S. Vehicular Lighting Systems Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014
Electronic Displays LED/OLED Systems
Scope of LCD Backlighting
Figure 3-43: Relationship of lighting and display technologies
Back-lit Display Markets
Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFLs)
Figure 3-44: World Exports of CCFLs, 2005-2009(e)

9. Figure 3-45: World Imports of CCFLs, 2005-2009(e)
LED Backlit-LCD Television
Figure 3-46: Increase in Screen Size of Televisions Sold Worldwide
Figure 3-47: Price Differential between CCFL and LED Backlighting for LCD TV, 1st Quarter, 2010
Figure 3-48: Market Share Backlighting Technologies for LCD-TV, 2009(e)—2015(p)
3D TV
LED Backlighting market in Notebooks, Laptops, Hand-held Electronics
Application Markets for OLEDs
LED Drivers
World Market for LEDs
Figure 3-49: World Market for LEDs, 2005-2009 ($ billions)
Figure 3-50: LED World Markets, 2009 ($ millions)
LED Fabs
Figure 3-51: Nominal Country of Manufacture of LEDs, 2009
Figure 3-52: U.S. Imports of LEDs in and Average Selling Price in Cents per Unit, 2005-2009 ($ millions)
Figure 3-53: U.S. Imports of LEDs by top three Countries of Origin, 2005-2009 ($ millions)
Figure 3-54: U.S. Imports of LEDs in Billions of Units, 2005-2009(e)
Figure 3-55: U.S. Exports of LEDs in units and Average Selling Price, 2005-2009(e) ($)
LED Pricing
Table 3-2: HB-LED Property Characteristics by Application
Figure 3-56: World High-power HB-LED Pricing Quarter 1 2008-Quarter 1 2010
Figure 3-57: White LED Pricing in U.S. Dollars, Quarter 1 2008-2010
Figure 3-58: Actual and Projected Markets for LEDs through 2014 ($ billions)
Market Findings
Primary Findings

10. Secondary Findings
Figure 3-59: Simplified Market Evaluation and Investment Decision Pathway
Chapter 4: Market Trends
Initial Motivation
Figure 4-1: Correlations between Longevity and Consumption of Electricity, 1975 and 2005
Conference in Kyoto
Figure 4-2: U.S. Sources of Energy Used for Generation of Electricity, 2009
Table 4-1: DOE Requirements per EISA for General Service Incandescent Lamps, 2007
Market Change Reaches Critical Mass
Table 4-2: Steps Taken by Signers of the Kyoto Protocol (Annex I countries)
World Economy
U.S. Stimulus
Figure 4-3: DOE Recovery Act Funding
Figure 4-4: Recovery Act Authorization and Spending as of April 9, 2010
Table 4-3: Partial List of DOE Lighting Research Projects
Table 4-4: DOE Funding of LED Research
The “Green Market” Trend
Trends in Indoor Lighting
Figure 4-5: Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) over 10 Years of Single 100-W Light Bulb Compared to an
equivalent 11-W LED Lamp, Lit 8 hrs/day
Figure 4-6: Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) over 10 Years of Single 40-W Light Bulb Compared to an
equivalent three 1-W LED Lamp, Lit 2 hrs/day
Source: SBI Energy. LED bulb pricing from EcoLEDs™.
Trends in Outdoor Lighting
Roadway Lighting

11. Trends in Large Scale Outdoor Displays
Digital Billboards
Trends in Signage
Street Furniture
Trends in Electronics
Smaller is Better
Figure 4-7: U.S. Expenditures on High Definition Television, 2005-2010(e) ($ millions)
Manufacturing Capacity
Vehicular Lighting
Figure 4-8: Comparison of U.S. Expenditures on Entertainment Electronics and Purchase of a New Car ($)
Mergers and Acquisitions
Chapter 5: Research Activities and Emerging Technologies
Can Incandescent Light Bulbs be Energy Efficient?
Effects and Efforts of the Big Three on Research
Figure 5-1: Big Three Lighting Companies Participation in Semiconductors, Annual Sales ($ millions)
LED Research: Improving Performance
Creating White Light
The Quest for Better Materials
OLEDs
Design of Luminaires
Nanotechnology
Daylighting and Smart Grids
Lighting Controls
EnOcean

12. Figure 5-2: EnOcean Diagram
Smart Grid
Research Groups
Applied Transportation Research
Vehicle Research
Road Safety Studies
Ambient Light Technologies
Chapter 6: Company Profiles
Company Profiles
Thousands of Companies
Figure 6-1: Lighting Market Transactions Diagram
Figure 6-2: Market Map Correlated to Producers
Company Profiles
AXT Inc - LED Substrate Manufacturer
Table 6-1: AXT Inc Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Performance
Table 6-2: AXT Revenue by Product Q1 2010 compared to Q4 2009 ($ millions)
Figure 6-3: AXT Revenue Sources by Product and Geographic Region
Table 6-3: Financial Summary ($ millions)
Figure 6-4: Five-year Stock Performance
History, Mergers, and Acquisitions
Carmanah - Solar Powered LED Fixtures for Roadways and Landscaping
Table 6-4: Carmanah Company Details

13. Products, Brands and Customers
Table 6-5: Product Lines
Performance
Table 6-6: Financial Summary ($ millions)
Figure 6-5: Five-year Stock Performance
History, Mergers, and Acquisitions
Cooper Lighting, LLC - a full service lighting and fixture company
Table 6-7: Cooper Lighting, LLC Company Description
Table 6-8: Cooper Lighting Brands
Table 6-9: Financial Summary of Cooper Industries ($ millions)
Table 6-10: Quarterly Performance Summary of Cooper Industries ($ millions)
Figure 6-6: Five Year Stock Performance of Cooper Industries
Cooper Lighting Performance
Table 6-11: Cooper Industries plc Excess Fair Value of Reporting Units ($ millions)
History, Mergers, and Acquisitions
Cree-manufacturer of LEDs and LED Lamp Fixtures
Table 6-12: Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Table 6-13: Cree Branded LED Lamps
Performance
Table 6-14: Financial Summary ($ millions)
Table 6-15: Quarterly Performance Summary ($ millions)
Figure 6-7: Five Year Stock Performance
History, Mergers and Acquisitions
Daktronics - makers of digital billboards and signs

14. Table 6-16: Daktronics Company Description
Products, Brands and Customers
Performance
Table 6-17: Financial Summary ($ millions)
Table 6-18 Quarterly Performance Summary ($ millions)
Figure 6-8: Five Year Stock Performance
History, Mergers, and Acquisitions
eMagin Corp - Manufactures OLEDs on silicon micro-displays
Table 6-19: eMagin Company Description
Products, Brands and Customers
Performance
Table 6-20: eMagin Financial Summary ($ millions)
Figure 6-9: Five-year Stock Performance
General Electric - Edison’s Lighting Company
Table 6-21: General Electric Company Description
Products, Brands and Customers
Performance
Table 6-22: Financial Summary ($ millions)
Figure 6-10: Five-year Stock Performance
Grote Industries - Leading U.S. manufacturer of vehicle lighting
Table 6-23: Grote Industries Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Performance
History, Mergers, and Acquisitions
Hella KGaA Hueck & Co-leading German vehicular lighting company

15. Table 6-24: Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Performance
Figure 6-11: Sales, FY2004/2005-FY 2008/2009
History, Mergers, and Acquisitions
Figure 6-12: Sales Distribution by Region FY 2008/2008
Lamar Advertising Company - Leading outdoor advertising company
Table 6-25: Lamar Advertising Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Table 6-26: Lamar Advertising Assets
Performance
Table 6-27: Financial Summary ($ millions)
Table 6-28: Financial Summary Comparison
Figure 6-13: Five Year Stock Performance
History, Mergers, and Acquisitions
Table 6-29: Acquisition and Organization Activity of Lamar Advertising
LED Roadway Lighting Ltd. - Startup company making LED street lamps
Table 6-30: LED Roadway Lighting Ltd Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Performance
LG Display Co., Ltd - Large producer of flat-panel displays
Table 6-31: LG Display Co., Ltd Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Performance
Table 6-32: Financial Summary ($ millions)

16. Figure 6-14: Five Year Stock Performance
History, Mergers, and Acquisitions
Table 6-33: Subsidiaries of LG Display
Lighting Science Group Corp. - Maker of LEDs, and replacement lamps
Table 6-34: Lighting Science Group Corp. Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Performance
Table 6-35: Financial Summary ($ million)
Figure 6-15: Five Year Stock Performance
History, Mergers, and Acquisitions
Nichia Corporation - LED maker
Table 6-36: Nichia Corporation Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Performance
History, Mergers, and Acquisitions
Philips - World’s Largest Lighting Company
Table 6-37: Philips Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Performance
Table 6-38: Financial Summary (millions of Euros)
History, Mergers, and Acquisitions
Toyoda Gosei North America Corp - Vehicle Lighting
Table 6-39: Toyoda Gosei North America Corp Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Table 6-40: Product lines

17. Performance
Figure 6-16: Optoelectronics Business Unit, Net Income and Sales, Calendar Year, 20005-2009
Figure 6-17: Distribution of 2007 Sales by Product and Region
Figure 6-18: Five Year Stock Performance
Universal Display Corp. - developer of LED and OLED technology
Table 6-41: Universal Display Corp. Company Details
Products, Brands and Customers
Technology Licensing
UniversalPHOLED™ Materials
Technology Transfer
Performance
Table 6-42: Financial Summary ($ millions)
Figure 6-19: Five Year Performance
Appendix
Table A-1: Selected terms
Table A-2: Abbreviations and Acronyms
Table A-3: Environmental Organizations Referenced in Report
Table A-4: Companies Referenced in Report
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