Shows an excerpt of the PERFORM 2014 Conference's Hands-On Training on Automated Deployments. Tells the why and the how and differentiates between agent-based and agentless solutions, such as Chef, Puppet or Ansible. Goes into greater detail on the Ansible host automation tool.

1. Automated Deployments – Hands-On
Orlando, October 2014
Martin Etmajer
martin.etmajer@dynatrace.com
Senior Technology Strategist @ Dynatrace
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2. image here “ Martin Etmajer
Insert headshot
Senior Technology Strategist @ Dynatrace
martin.etmajer@dynatrace.com
@metmajer
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3. From Continuous Integration to
Continuous Delivery
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4. Continuous Integration
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5. Continuous Integration
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6. Continuous Integration
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7. Continuous Integration
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8. Continuous Delivery Build Pipeline
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9. Continuous Delivery Build Pipeline
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10. Continuous Delivery Build Pipeline
✔
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11. Continuous Delivery Build Pipeline
✔
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12. Continuous Delivery Build Pipeline
✔
✔
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13. Continuous Delivery Build Pipeline
✔
✔
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14. Continuous Delivery Build Pipeline
✔
✔ ✔
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15. Continuous Delivery Build Pipeline
✔
✔ ✔
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16. Continuous Delivery Build Pipeline
✔
✔ ✔ ✔
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17. Continuous Delivery Build Pipeline
✔
✔ ✔ ✔
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18. Continuous Delivery Build Pipeline
✔
✔
✔ ✔ ✔
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19. Introduction to
Automated Deployments
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20. Motivation
Production environments are often grown “works of art”:
» Not entirely reproducible
» Manual changes applied whenever needed
» Not even similar to the environments developers have
“Works on my machine.”
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21. Benefits: Automation
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22. Benefits: Automation
Makes provisioning a repeatable, low-risk “push-button” activity
» By providing executable specifications
» No manual changes involved (regarded immutable)
» The process is tested with each execution (builds confidence)
Recreate
Environments
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23. Benefits: Automation
Makes provisioning an engineering discipline:
» Iteratively plan, code, test and verify
» Open to frequently changing requirements (agile)
Helps align efforts between Development and Operations:
» Jointly define desired environmental states
» Integrate and respect each others processes
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24. Implement
and test Verification
DEVELOPMENT
OPERATIONS
Benefits: Automation
current iteration
(2 weeks)
time
Planning
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25. Benefits: Automation
Allows the provisioning process to be integrated into the Continuous Delivery build
pipeline (build automation server):
» Environments can be provisioned multiple times a day
» When the process fails in staging, the release candidate is discarded - the production
environment will not be harmed
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26. Benefits: Automation
Reduces the risks of software releases by providing a consistent process for all staging
and production environments
Risks?
» Differing library versions
» Differing middleware configurations
» Differing environmental variables in the OS
» Differing number of max. open file handles in the OS,…
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27. Benefits: Auditability
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28. Benefits: Auditability
What, who, why and when?
» Keep all (executable) specifications in VCS
» Provide meaningful commit messages (changelog)
» Build history tells you which revision got deployed
“Infrastructure as Code”
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29. Benefits: Repeatability
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30. Benefits: Repeatability
Establishes a process that is repeatable at any time:
» Environments are no longer in the hands of single people
» Any (authorized) person could recreate the environments
» Requires command execution to be idempotent
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31. Benefits: Repeatability
Allows for testability of the deployment process:
» Failures will be caught early-on in the process
What if something breaks?
» Caught a bug: use a version that is known to work
» Hardware failure: redeploy environment in minutes
Minimizes MTTR
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32. Deployment Automation Solutions:
Agent-based vs. Agentless
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33. Agent-Based Solutions
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34. Agent-Based Deployments (Chef, Puppet)
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35. Agent-Based Deployments (Chef, Puppet)
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36. Agent-Based Deployments (Chef, Puppet)
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37. Agent-Based Deployments (Chef, Puppet)
» Can be used in client-server or client-only modes
» Client must be installed on each host to be provisioned
» Clients have dependencies: Ruby
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38. Agent-Based Deployments
Puppet
» Written and extensible in Ruby (comes with a DSL)
» Order of statement does not specify order of execution
» Huge ecosystem (PuppetDB, MCollective, Hiera)
» Large entrance barrier
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39. Agentless Solutions
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40. Agentless Deployments (Ansible)
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41. Agentless Deployments (Ansible)
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42. Agentless Deployments (Ansible)
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43. Agentless Deployments (Ansible)
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44. Agentless Deployments
Ansible
» Written and extensible (Python)
» Human- and machine-readable configuration (YAML)
» No boot-strapping required on deployment hosts (SSH)
» Simple, easy to ramp up with (think of new employees!)
» Clear and concise documentation
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45. Hands-On Training: Environment
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46. Sample Environment
Web Server Frontend
Application Server
Backend
Application Server
Database
check out deploy
VCS Build Automation
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47. Sample Environment
Apache Apache Tomcat Apache Tomcat PostgreSQL
Web Server Frontend
Application Server
Backend
Application Server
Database
Git
VCS
Jenkins
check out deploy
Build Automation
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48. Use Case: Deploy Dynatrace Agents
Apache Apache Tomcat Apache Tomcat PostgreSQL
Web Server Frontend
Application Server
Backend
Application Server
Database
Git
VCS
Jenkins
check out deploy
Build Automation
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49. Use Case: Deploy Dynatrace Agents
Apache Apache Tomcat Apache Tomcat PostgreSQL
Web Server Frontend
Application Server
Backend
Application Server
Database
Git
VCS
Jenkins
check out deploy
Build Automation
Dynatrace Server
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50. Hands-On Training: Environment
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51. Today you will learn how to automatically...
1. Inject dynaTrace Agents into Apache Tomcats
2. Load database data into PostgreSQL
3. Integrate all this into Jenkins
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52. Ansible: Core Concepts
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53. Ansible Concepts:
Inventories
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54. Ansible Concepts: Inventories
» Ansible provisions groups of servers at once
» Groups and hosts are stored in inventory files
» An inventory file is expressed in a simple INI format
» Default location: /etc/ansible/hosts
» bit.ly/ansible-inventory
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55. Ansible Concepts: Inventories
[frontends]
frontend.example.com
[backends]
backend.example.com
[frontends:vars]
dt_agent_name=frontend
Group
Variables Variable
[backends:vars]
dt_agent_name=backend
Group
Host
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56. Ansible Concepts:
Ad-hoc Commands
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57. Ansible Concepts: Ad-hoc Commands
ansible <host-pattern> [options]
Module Arguments
Examples?
» ansible localhost -m copy –a ‘src=/usr/bin/a dest=/usr/bin/b’
» ansible appservers –a ‘/sbin/reboot’ –f 10
» ansible appservers –a ‘/sbin/reboot’ –f 10
–u deploy ––sudo ––ask–sudo–pass
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58. Ansible Concepts: Ad-hoc Commands
ansible <host-pattern> [options]
Examples?
Forks
» ansible localhost -m copy –a ‘src=/usr/bin/a dest=/usr/bin/b’
» ansible appservers –a ‘/sbin/reboot’ –f 10
» ansible appservers –a ‘/sbin/reboot’ –f 10
–u deploy ––sudo ––ask–sudo–pass
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59. Ansible Concepts: Ad-hoc Commands
ansible <host-pattern> [options]
Examples?
» ansible localhost -m copy –a Ask ‘src=/password
usr/bin/a dest=/usr/bin/b’
» User Use sudo
ansible appservers –a ‘/sbin/reboot’ interactively
–f 10
» ansible appservers –a ‘/sbin/reboot’ –f 10
–u deploy ––sudo ––ask–sudo–pass
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60. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks
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61. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks
ansible-playbook [–i <inventory>] <playbook>
Playbooks
» Describe policies your remote systems shall enforce
» Consist of variables, tasks, handlers, files and roles
» Are expressed in the YAML format
» bit.ly/ansible-playbook
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62. Excursion to YAML
YAML (YAML Ain’t No Markup Language): Motivation
» “All data structures can be expressed via dicts, lists and scalars”
» Simplicity makes it much easier to read and parse than XML
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63. YAML Excursion » Dictionaries
--- # Block
name: Michael Jordan
age: 34
--- # Inline
{ name: Michael Jordan, age: 34 }
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64. YAML Excursion » Dictionaries
--- # Block
name: Michael Jordan
age: 34
--- # Inline
{ name: Michael Jordan, age: 34 }
Document
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65. YAML Excursion » Dictionaries
--- # Block
name: Michael Jordan
age: 34
--- # Inline
{ name: Michael Jordan, age: 34 }
key: value
Same
Indentation
level
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66. YAML Excursion » Dictionaries
--- # Block
name: Michael Jordan
age: 34
Comment
Optional quotes
for Strings
--- # Inline
{ name: Michael Jordan, age: 34 }
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67. YAML Excursion » Lists
--- # Block
- milk
- bread
- butter
--- # Inline
[milk, bread, butter]
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68. YAML Excursion » Lists
--- # Block
- milk
- bread
- butter
--- # Inline
[milk, bread, butter]
Items start with
hyphen + space
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69. YAML Excursion » Lists
--- # Block
- milk
- bread
- butter
--- # Inline
[Smaimlke, bread, butter]
indentation
level
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70. YAML Excursion » Complex
---
men:
- { name: Jimi Hendrix, year: 1970 }
- { name: Jim Morrison, year: 1971 }
women:
- { name: Janis Joplin, year: 1970 }
- { name: Amy Winehouse, year: 2011 }
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71. YAML Excursion » Complex
List
---
men:
- { name: Jimi Hendrix, year: 1970 }
- { name: Jim Morrison, year: 1971 }
women:
- { name: Janis Joplin, year: 1970 }
- { name: Amy Winehouse, year: 2011 }
Dictionary
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72. YAML Excursion » Complex
Dictionary
---
men:
- { name: Jimi Hendrix, year: 1970 }
- { name: Jim Morrison, year: 1971 }
women:
- { name: Janis Joplin, year: 1970 }
- { name: Amy Winehouse, year: 2011 }
List
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73. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks
--- # appservers.yml
- hosts: frontends:backends
vars_files:
- variables.yml
handlers:
- name: restart tomcat
Play
service: name=tomcat state=restarted
tasks:
- name: Inject dynaTrace Java agent into Apache Tomcat
template: >
src=templates/tomcat-setenv.sh
dest={{ tomcat_home }}/bin/setenv.sh
notify: restart tomcat
remote_user: deploy
sudo: yes
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74. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks
# production
[frontends]
frontend.example.com
[backends]
backend.example.com
[frontends:vars]
dt_agent_name=frontend
[backends:vars]
dt_agent_name=backend
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75. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks
# templates/tomcat-setenv.sh
CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS
-agentpath:{{ dt_agent_dir }}/libdtagent.so
=name={{ dt_agent_name }},collector={{ dt_collector_url }}"
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76. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks
--- # variables.yml
tomcat_home: /opt/tomcat
dt_agent_dir: /opt/dynatrace/agents
dt_collector_url: dynatrace.example.com
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77. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks
ansible-playbook –i production appservers.yml
Run!
PLAY [frontends:backends]
******************************************************
TASK: [Inject dynaTrace Java agent into Apache Tomcat]
************************
changed: [backend.example.com]
changed: [frontend.example.com]
PLAY RECAP
************************************************************************
backend.example.com : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
frontend.example.com : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
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78. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks
--- # playbook.yml
- include: appservers.yml
- include: dbservers.yml
- include: webservers.yml
Includes multiple plays
into a single playbook
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79. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
Usage
» {{ foo }}
» {{ foo[i] }}
» {{ foo.bar }}
» Hello, my name is {{ foo }}
» bit.ly/ansible-variables
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80. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
Advance Usage
» {{ foo | mandatory }}
» {{ foo | default(0) }}
» {{ list| min }}
» {{ list| unique }}
» {{ list1 | union(list2) }}
» bit.ly/ansible-variables
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81. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
Advance Usage
» {{ foo | mandatory }}
» {{ foo | default(0) }}
» {{ list| min }}
» {{ list| unique }}
» {{ list1 | union(list2) }}
» bit.ly/ansible-variables
Forces ‘foo’ to be defined
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82. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
Advance Usage
» {{ foo | mandatory }}
» {{ foo | default(0) }}
» {{ list| min }}
» {{ list| unique }}
» {{ list1 | union(list2) }}
» bit.ly/ansible-variables
Defaults ‘foo’ to 0 if undefined
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83. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
Advance Usage
» {{ foo | mandatory }}
» {{ foo | default(0) }}
» {{ list| min }}
» {{ list| unique }}
» {{ list1 | union(list2) }}
» bit.ly/ansible-variables
Computes the minimum in ‘list’
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84. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
Advance Usage
» {{ foo | mandatory }}
» {{ foo | default(0) }}
» {{ list| min }}
» {{ list| unique }}
» {{ list1 | union(list2) }}
» bit.ly/ansible-variables
Computes distinct values in ‘list’
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85. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
Advance Usage
» {{ foo | mandatory }}
» {{ foo | default(0) }}
» {{ list| min }}
» {{ list| unique }}
» {{ list1 | union(list2) }}
» bit.ly/ansible-variables
Computes a join of lists ‘list1 and ‘list2’
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86. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
Validity
» Valid: ‘foo_bar’, ‘foo5’
» Invalid: ‘foo-bar’, ‘foo bar’, ‘foo.bar’, ‘5foo’, ‘5’
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87. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
--- # playbook.yml
- hosts: all
vars:
- cleanup_home: yes
- settings:
ports:
http: 80
ssl: 443
…
Inlined
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88. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
--- # playbook.yml
- hosts: all
vars_files:
- variables.yml
…
--- # variables.yml
cleanup_home: yes
settings:
ports:
http: 80
ssl: 443
Imported
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89. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
--- # playbook.yml
- hosts: all
tasks:
- { include: create-user.yml, user: deploy }
…
Defined in
task inclusion
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90. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
--- # playbook.yml
- hosts: all
roles:
- { role: create-user, user: deploy }
…
Defined in
role inclusion
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91. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Variables
ansible –e ‘user=deploy’ playbook.yml
Defined at
invocation
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92. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Tasks
Tasks are...
» invocations of Ansible modules
» the units that do the actual deployment and configuration
» bit.ly/ansible-module
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93. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Tasks
Example: Install package ‘apache2’
--- # webservers.yml
- hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: Install package ‘apache2’
apt: pkg=apache2 state=latest update_cache: yes
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94. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Tasks
Example: Copy file from src (localhost) to dest (remote host)
--- # webservers.yml
- hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: Copy file from ‘foo.conf’ to /etc/default
copy: >
src=/srv/files/foo.conf
dest=/etc/default
owner=deploy
group=deploy
mode=644
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95. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Roles
» Are the preferred means to organize and reuse related tasks
» Build on the idea of include files to form clean abstractions
» bit.ly/ansible-roles
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96. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Reusing Roles in a Play
--- # webservers.yml
- hosts: webservers
roles:
- { role: common }
- { role: apache2 }
remote_user: deploy
sudo: yes
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97. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Best Practice: Directory Layout for Role-based Playbooks
playbook.yml
appservers.yml
dbservers.yml
webservers.yml
Top-level Playbook
/roles/x
/roles/x/meta/main.yml
/roles/x/defaults/main.yml
/roles/x/files
/roles/x/handlers/main.yml
/roles/x/tasks/main.yml
/roles/x/templates/main.yml
/roles/x/vars/main.yml
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98. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Best Practice: Directory Layout for Role-based Playbooks
playbook.yml
appservers.yml
dbservers.yml
webservers.yml
Plays
/roles/x
/roles/x/meta/main.yml
/roles/x/defaults/main.yml
/roles/x/files
/roles/x/handlers/main.yml
/roles/x/tasks/main.yml
/roles/x/templates/main.yml
/roles/x/vars/main.yml
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99. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Best Practice: Directory Layout for Role-based Playbooks
playbook.yml
appservers.yml
dbservers.yml
webservers.yml
/roles/x
/roles/x/meta/main.yml
/roles/x/defaults/main.yml
/roles/x/files
/roles/x/handlers/main.yml
/roles/x/tasks/main.yml
/roles/x/templates/main.yml
/roles/x/vars/main.yml
Holds a role named ‘x’
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100. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Best Practice: Directory Layout for Role-based Playbooks
playbook.yml
appservers.yml
dbservers.yml
webservers.yml
/roles/x
/roles/x/meta/main.yml
/roles/x/defaults/main.yml
/roles/x/files
/roles/x/handlers/main.yml
/roles/x/tasks/main.yml
/roles/x/templates/main.yml
/roles/x/vars/main.yml
Dependencies
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101. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Best Practice: Directory Layout for Role-based Playbooks
playbook.yml
appservers.yml
dbservers.yml
webservers.yml
/roles/x
/roles/x/meta/main.yml
/roles/x/defaults/main.yml
/roles/x/files
/roles/x/handlers/main.yml
/roles/x/tasks/main.yml
/roles/x/templates/main.yml
/roles/x/vars/main.yml
Default variables
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102. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Best Practice: Directory Layout for Role-based Playbooks
playbook.yml
appservers.yml
dbservers.yml
webservers.yml
/roles/x
/roles/x/meta/main.yml
/roles/x/defaults/main.yml
/roles/x/files
/roles/x/handlers/Files
main.yml
/roles/x/tasks/main.yml
/roles/x/templates/main.yml
/roles/x/vars/main.yml
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103. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Best Practice: Directory Layout for Role-based Playbooks
playbook.yml
appservers.yml
dbservers.yml
webservers.yml
/roles/x
/roles/x/meta/main.yml
/roles/x/defaults/main.yml
/roles/x/files
/roles/x/handlers/main.yml
/roles/x/tasks/main.yml
/roles/x/templates/main.yml
/roles/x/vars/main.yml
Handlers
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104. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Best Practice: Directory Layout for Role-based Playbooks
playbook.yml
appservers.yml
dbservers.yml
webservers.yml
/roles/x
/roles/x/meta/main.yml
/roles/x/defaults/main.yml
/roles/x/files
/roles/x/handlers/main.yml
/roles/x/tasks/main.yml
/roles/x/templates/main.yml
/roles/x/vars/main.yml
Tasks
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105. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Best Practice: Directory Layout for Role-based Playbooks
playbook.yml
appservers.yml
dbservers.yml
webservers.yml
/roles/x
/roles/x/meta/main.yml
/roles/x/defaults/main.yml
/roles/x/files
/roles/x/handlers/main.yml
/roles/x/tasks/main.yml
/roles/x/templates/main.yml
/roles/x/vars/main.yml Templates
105 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE #Perform2014

106. Ansible Concepts: Playbooks » Roles
Best Practice: Directory Layout for Role-based Playbooks
playbook.yml
appservers.yml
dbservers.yml
webservers.yml
/roles/x
/roles/x/meta/main.yml
/roles/x/defaults/main.yml
/roles/x/files
/roles/x/handlers/main.yml
/roles/x/tasks/main.yml
/roles/x/templates/main.yml
/roles/x/vars/main.yml
Variables
106 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE #Perform2014

107. 107 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE #Perform2014