This document discusses open access to publicly funded research. It begins by noting that while the internet enables greater distribution of research, most publicly funded research cannot currently be accessed or reused by the public. It then introduces open access as a way to justify public funding of research by making it openly available. The document goes on to define open access in terms of access, technical formats, and copyright/licensing. It emphasizes that open licensing is important to allow legal reuse and sharing of research beyond just access. Finally, it provides an overview of Creative Commons licenses as a pragmatic solution that allows reuse while retaining author copyright.

2. Let’s begin with the obvious:
The Situation Today

3. 1. The internet and digital technologies
enable greater distribution and
reuse of research

4. 2. Most publicly funded research cannot
be accessed and reused by the
public

5. 3. Libraries are struggling. From 19862007, subscription charges
increased by 340%, four times the
rate of inflation

6. 4. Higher education is struggling to
make the case for more public
funding

7. 5. Open Access has emerged as the
most realistic way to justify public
expenditure on research

8. Open Access policies from public
funding bodies in all major Englishspeaking countries + EU
(but not New Zealand, yet)

9. Kiwi Open Access Logo by the
University of Auckland,
Libraries and Learning
Services is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution
3.0 Unported License.

10. OK, but what does ‘open’
even mean?

11. 1.Access:
2. Technical:
3. Copyright:

12. 1.Access: Green and Gold
2. Technical: Open Formats
3. Copyright: Open Licensing

13. 1.Access

14. 1.Access
Green: Deposit post-print,
peer-reviewed article in an
institutional or disciplinary
repository

15. 1.Access
Green: Deposit post-print,
peer-reviewed article in an
institutional or disciplinary
repository
Gold: Article is made freely
available by publisher
(sometimes after APC
charge)

16. 2. Technical

17. 2. Technical
Use of open formats, to allow
others to share, adapt and
reuse research (including
data)

18. 3. Copyright

19. 3. Copyright
Use of open licensing, to allow
others to share, adapt and
reuse research (including
data)

20. OK, but why isn’t access
enough?

22. All Rights Reserved copyright
What many common
restrictsis Copyright? &
essential uses of research

23. Distribution to students, colleagues,
journalists, businesses.
What is Copyright?

24. Distribution to students, colleagues,
journalists, businesses.
Reuse by other researchers,
What is Copyright?
bloggers, journalists, publishers.

25. Distribution to students, colleagues,
journalists, businesses.
Reuse by other researchers,
What is Copyright?
bloggers, journalists, publishers.
Republication to new audiences

26. Distribution to students, colleagues,
journalists, businesses.
Reuse by other researchers,
What is Copyright?
bloggers, journalists, publishers.
Republication to new audiences
Translation to other languages

27. Also, without open licensing, your
(publicly funded) work may not enter the
commons for over 100 years (...)

28. …which makes life very hard for
libraries and archives who want to give
your work a second life.
Exhibit A:

30. Exhibit B:
Heald, Paul J., How Copyright Makes Books and Music Disappear (and How Secondary Liability Rules
Help Resurrect Old Songs) (July 5, 2013). Illinois Program in Law, Behavior and Social Science Paper
No. LBSS14-07; Illinois Public Law Research Paper No. 13-54. Available at SSRN:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=2290181 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2290181

31. Also, on what principle do you
prevent reuse of publicly
funded research?

32. But wait, what’s an ‘open
licence’ anyway?

34. Pragmatic solution
Creators retain copyright
Permission in advance

35. Public Domain
Few Restrictions

36. Public Domain
Few Restrictions
All Rights Reserved
Few Freedoms

37. Public Domain
Few Restrictions
Some Rights Reserved
Range of Licence Options
All Rights Reserved
Few Freedoms

38. Four Licence Elements

39. Attribution

40. Non Commercial

41. No Derivatives

42. Share Alike

43. Six Licences

44. More free
More restrictive

45. More free
More restrictive

46. More free
More restrictive

47. More free
More restrictive

48. More free
More restrictive

49. More free
More restrictive

50. More free
More restrictive

51. More free
More restrictive

52. Go to creativecommons.org/choose

53. CC Kiwi by Creative Commons Aotearoa New Zealand is made
available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand
Licence.

54. The Remix Kiwi by CCANZ is based on a work by Creative Commons
Aotearoa New Zealand [LINK], which is made available under a
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.

55. Layers
Lawyer readable
Human readable
Licence symboll

57. More than 700 million works

58. General:
search.creativecommons.org
New Zealand:
digitalnz.org

59. NZGOAL (2010)
Government guidance, approved by
Cabinet
Declaration on Open and Transparent
Government (2011)

60. QUESTIONS?
www.creativecommons.org.nz
@cc_Aotearoa
admin@creativecommons.org.nz
facebook.com/creativecommonsnz
This work is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.