3D mapping of a quarry

High resolution 3D UAV mappingHigh resolution 3D UAV mapping
of a quarryof a quarry
Hytola Engineering Oy matti.hytola@gmail.com
Suolahdentie 692 +358407776513
FIN-44330 HYTÖLÄ hytola.com
Hytola Engineering Oy did 3D UAV mapping of Nordkalk Lappeenranta, Finland quarry in November 2017. Task was to take images of
almost vertical walls with 1 cm GSD (Ground Sampling Distance → resolution). This means 10 000 pixels / m². A 3D meshes and point
clouds were processed from images with average point density of 1250 3D-points / m².
A multicopter type of a UAV (drone) was used for taking the images in four days. Short light time of a day and rainy weather were
limiting operation hours in a day. With optimal weather condititions imaging would have taken less than two days.
As area of the quarry was about 50 ha, 125 acres, it was clear that amount of data would be huge. Over 10000 20 Mpix pictures were
taken and 3D point cloud had over 1 000 000 000 points!
This report will descripe used method and results achieved.

Kuvaspisteiden sijainnit
Image capture
positions
The greatest challenge was to plan flight route so that distance from UAV to pit wall
would stay optimal for desired resolution with minimized risk of collision.
A 3D flight planning software by Hytola Engineering Oy was used to plan optimal
flight route for UAV. With this software it was possible to optimize UAV's camera
angle and tilt to match the slope to be mapped.
Whole quarry was divided to sectors. Size of each sector was defined by operation
time and and range of UAV with capacity of one battery. With speed of 5 m/s and GSD
of 1 cm UAV will fly a 6 km long route which converts to 12 ha area and 600 images.

3D model of the quarry was wanted to be in ETRS GK28 coordinate
system. Because of this and to match images taken in different time of
day, 11 signal plates, used as 3D ground control points, were placed
in quarry area. 4 plates were placed at top, 4 at medium height and 3
at bottom.
Quarry measurement team did
measure coordinates of the center
point for each signal plate.

Image capture positions in 3D- ja 2D- pictures. UAV did fly
automatically all routes needing high accuracy. Over
10 000 images were taken.

A photogrammetry program
was used for processing
images. Dimensionally
accurate ortoimage and
ortomosaic were generated.
And high resolution 3D
models and 3D point
clouds for each sector.

3D-model makes it possible to
do many kind of analysis to
target area. Here are three
different ways to display data.
Single color shaded
Color gradient by
altitude
Realistic surface
texture

A screen shot from
3D model
Part of image
zoomed
3D point cloud.
High density of
point cloud visible
in here.

Our company is specialised in UAV-
mapping and will produce material for
your needs: Area and volume
measurements, ortophotos,
ortomosaics, surface models,
elevation models, 3D point clouds an
3D models.
Cost effective and with quality
quarantee!

3D mapping of a quarry

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