16. Soil Life - Microbes
• Bacteria
•Single Cell
• Millions per Gram
• 1,000,000,000,000,000 per Acre
• Fungi
•Long filaments (hyphae)
• Hundreds of Thousands per Gram
•100,000,000,000,000 per Acre
17. Roles of Bacteria and Fungi
• Organic Matter Decomposition
• Soil Stabilization
• Aeration
• Tilth
• Nitrogen Fixation
21. Organic Guidelines
Producer shall manage crop
nutrients and soil fertility
through rotations, cover crops,
and the application of plant and
animal materials (manures).
22. Organic Guidelines
Producer shall manage plant and
animal materials to maintain or
improve soil organic matter content in a
manner that does not contribute to
contamination of crops, soil, or water
by plant nutrients, pathogenic
organisms, heavy metals, or residues of
prohibited substances.
35. Legume - Definition
• a dry dehiscent one-celled fruit
developed from a simple superior
ovary and usually dehiscing into
two valves with the seeds
attached to the ventral suture
36. Legume - Definition
A pod, such as that of a pea or bean, that
splits into two valves with the seeds attached
to one edge of the valves.
42. Nitrogen is Nutrient that is
Most Limiting to Plant Growth
Atmosphere is 78% Nitrogen
43. Legume – Bacteria Symbiosis
• Captures Nitrogen from the Air
• Makes Nitrogen Available to Plant
• Bacteria Responsible
• Rhizobia (Rhizobium)
• Bradyrhizobium (Soybeans)
rhi·zo·bi·um
44. Rhizobium group and
species
Legumes treated
Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifoli
Crimson clover, Red clover, White
clover
Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar
phaseoli
Kidney beans, Snap beans, String beans,
Wax beans
Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae
Austrian winter pea, Common vetch,
Garden pea, Hairy vetch
Rhizobium sp. Crownvetch
Bradyrhizobium japonicum Soybeans
Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna)
Common lespedeza, Cowpea, Peanut,
Velvet bean
Sinorhizobium meliloti
Alfalfa, Medic, Yellow or white sweet
clover