1. By Ms.Marfe N.Nique
PROSE

2. PROSE
The essay is a short literary composition in
prose dealing with a single matter usually
from a personal point of view. Thus, it is
revelatory of the author’s state , opinions,
prejudices, moods, and , in general, his
personality.
 Essays may either be formal or informal
but there are more specific subdivisions

3. Essay Fiction Prose Drama Non-fiction
prose types
Reflective Prose Allegory Divisions: Special types: Biography and
essays Fable Autobiography
Myths
Legends Comedy Closet Drama
Narrative or Prose romances Tragedy Tragicomedy Letters
story essay Fairy Tales (Epistles),Diaries,
Folk Tales Journals
Myths and Legends
Descriptive Prose satires Melodrama Problem plays Book review
essay
Biographical Novels Farce Comedy of Literary Criticism
essay manners
Nature essay Short Story History Play Comedia del l’ Scientific and Current
arte Publications
Critical Essay Novelettes
Periodical
essays
Didactic Essays

4. THE ESSAY
Reflective Narrative or Descriptive
essays story essay essay
Biographical Nature Periodical
essay essay Essays
Critical Didactic
Essay essays

5. THE ESSAY
 Reflective Essays  Narrative or story
are serious and essay make use of an
dignified and usually incident to illustrate an
employ aphorisms, i.e., idea or a theme.
wisdom couched in
memorable sentences.

6. THE ESSAY
 Descriptive essay  Biographical essay
has some narrative sketches life or
elements as well as presents character
color, vividness, and analysis.
realistic portrayals.

7. THE ESSAY
 Nature essay  Critical Essay
attempts to picture the includes biographical
world of God’s creation criticism, literary
and may do so in a criticism, and book
graphic, pictorial vein reviews. It is a record of
or a more thoughtful, an analytical mind
philosophical manner. weighing the virtues
and faults of a literary
piece, for instance,
which it fully
understands.

8. THE ESSAY
 Periodical essays  Didactic essays
are generally enforce a moral and,
published in therefore, the tone is
periodicals, hence, serious and didactic
they are also called (instructive).
journalistic.

9. FICTION
Fiction
Prose Prose Prose Novels Short Story Novelettes
Allegory Romances Satires
Fable Fairy > Fabliau
Myths Tales
Legends Folk Tales
Myths and
Legends

10. FICTION
 Is a literary production
of man’s imagination
finding shape in stories
of people or events.

11. FICTION
 Prose Allegory is a > Fable is a short
prose form in which allegorical tale
the characters, ideas, conveying a moral or
and actions stand for principle of behavior.
something else or for a The characters are
system of ideas with usually animals talking
meaning implied. like human beings but
Concrete characters keeping their animals
are personifications of traits. Often, the moral
abstract ideas. is appended in the form
of a proverb in the form
of a proverb.

12. FICTION
> Myths are traditional > Legends are stories of
tales common to the some wonderful events
members of a popularly believed to
tribe,race,or nation have some historical
usually involving the basis and passed down
supernatural and through the ages.
serving to explain
natural phenomena or
suggest a religious or
moral truth.

13. FICTION
 Prose romances are > Fairy Tales, which make
types of stories in which use of folklore motifs,
some supernatural or commonplace
magical events , expressions, and typical
fantastic, and unrealistic, themes are those which
occur. develop from stock
characters such as cruel
king, cruel
stephmother,naughty
sister, substituted bride ,
magic, supernatural
changes, and
restorations.

14. FICTION
> Fairy tales, once the  Folk tales are part of
strange element in folklore (traditions
the situation is transmitted through
accepted, fairy tales memory and practice
assume a reality of rather than by the
their own .Virtue is printage page.)
rewarded and fairy
tales always end
happily.

15. FICTION
 A folk tales easily pass from language and
spread all over the world; hence they are
sometimes called “ migratory tales.
“.

16. PROSE SATIRES
 Are stories in which
human vices and follies
are held up to ridicule.
> Fabliau (Plural: Fabliaux) is a short, amusing tale
often bawdy or obscene, cynically and slyly satirical
directed against women, the clergy, and marriage.
The humor arises from the plot, an intrigue, or
practical joke told in a rapid succession of events
that form a single episode. Among standard
characters are the jealous, stupid husband, the
braggart, and the unfaithful wife. Boccaccio’s
Decameron contains brilliant illustrations of this
type.

17. NOVELS
 Are prose narratives on a large scale (book
length) and can be divided into three types,
fantasy,love,and adventure novels. They are
further broken down into such varieties as:
 Epistolary detective religious
 Picaresque science-fiction sociological
 Gothic naturalistic romantic
 Utopian psychological sentimental
 Western stream-of- consciousness
surrealistic
The novel is a dominant literary form at present, both in
quality and quantity.

18. SHORT STORY
 Is a prose narrative of  Although we know the short
limited length which must story as a genre that was
have invented in the 19th century,
characterization,unity,cum loosely speaking, the oldest
ulative interest, climax, story in an Egyptian Tale,
and a resolution. The Brothers , was already
 In a less exclusive sense, written from about 3, 200
short stories should B.C.
include the earliest forms
of short narratives-stories
of gods and demons,
anecdotes,fables,mythical
tales, lives of saints
(hagiography),parables,
and folk tales.

19. NOVELETTES
 Are prose narratives that are intermediate
between the short story and the novels.
 It is about 50 to 150 ordinary pages long, but
no exact limits can be given as to length. It
is more elaborate than a short story but can
be read in a single sitting and can produce a
single, concentrated effect. Hemingway’s
The Old Man and the Sea (1952) is an
excellent example of a novelette

20. PROSE DRAMA
 is a literary work written in  Comedy
dialogue and intended for  Tragedy
presentation by actors.  Melodrama
The essence of drama is
the make –believe by  Farce
which an actor  History
impersonates a character  Special Types:
of the play. Dramas of any  Closet Drama
period have their different  Tragicomedy
sets of conventions and  Problem Plays
the playgoer must be  Comedy of manners
conscious of them. The  Comedia del l’ arte
same divisions under
poetic plays apply to prose
drama:

21. SPECIAL TYPES OF PROSE DRAMA
 Closet drama which ,  Tragicomedy is a
though written in combination of the
dramatic form, is elements of tragedy
intended for private and comedy
reading rather than
stage performance

22. SPECIAL TYPES OF PROSE DRAMA
 Problem plays are  Comedy of manners is
neither comedies nor a type of play which
tragedies but deal with satirizes the extreme of
middle –class life fashion and manners-
problems. the acquire follies of a
highly sophisticated
society.

23. SPECIAL TYPES OF PROSE DRAMA
 Comedia de l’ arte was a type of comedy
developed in 16th –century Italy and its
essential characteristics was that it was
based on a ploy (scenario) outlined in
advance, but the dialogue was improvised
during performance. Characters who wore
masks were stock types as the silly old man,
the pedant, the lover,etc.

24. NON – FICTION PROSE TYPES:
 Biography and Autobiography
 Letters (Epistles), Diaries, Journals
 Book review
 Literary Criticism
 Scientific and Current Publications