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What is public policy? ASU PAF340
- 1. What is Public Policy? PAF 340 – Contemporary Policy Challenges Summer 2014 Andrea E. Mayo Hover over for Audio
- 4. The Experts “The sum of government activities, whether pursued directly or through agents, as those activities have an influence on the lives of citizens.” –Peters p. 4 “Who gets what, when, and how?”-Lasswell “Placing an issue on the government agenda and deciding what to do about that issue.” –James Q. Wilson “The study of government decisions and actions designed to deal with a matter of public concern.” – Cochran & Malone
- 5. But… Non-governmental organizations and private organizations participate in administering and deciding public policy. Residents, foreigners, and others not granted citizenship status are also affected by policy. Definition may change substantially depending on context. “I know it when I see it.” – Justice Potter Stewart on Obscenity Laws
- 6. Policy Instruments and Tools Services – Public Education Law – The Voting Rights Act, immigration quotas Money – Social Security Taxes – Earned Income Tax Credit, Healthcare mandate Loans – Student loans, FHA mortgages Suasion – Foreign policy Other economic instruments – Insurance
- 7. Tools are used to Confer rights Provide goods and services Distribute benefits and burdens
- 8. The context of public policy Public Policy Politics Participation Pragmatism Diversity Market History
- 9. Context Matters! How conservative/liberal is the nation/state/city? ◦ Good policy and/or good politics What works? ◦ Incrementalism ◦ Best Practices The market ◦ Inequality ◦ Efficiency Diversity ◦ The melting pot/salad bowl History ◦ “American exceptionalism” ◦ “City on a Hill”
Notas del editor
- Word cloud from Spring 2011 student responses to the question at the beginning of the course.
- Word cloud from spring 2012 student responses to the question asked at the beginning of the course.
- There are many ways to define public policy, and I think Peters does a pretty good job. My one correction is that I think he should use a term that’s broader than citizens. Residents of the United States and those living abroad are also affected by U.S. public policy. Which definition do you like the best?
- Like most fields, public policy seems to have broadened in scope recently. Researchers may examine HOAs or non-profit organizations and their micro-level policies.
- These are the tools that government has at is disposal. We see these tools at work at many different levels of policymaking and in many different substantive areas.
- Ultimately though, government uses these tools to influence behavior.
- Context matters! A policy can be the most efficient and effective policy in theory, but may be completely inappropriate in a given context. It also may not work in a given context. For example, many economists believe that a single-payer system of healthcare delivery is the most efficient way to deliver healthcare, but there are many contextual reasons why a single-payer system might not be the right choice in the 21st century American context.
- These are some specific characteristics of the American context. They can influence policy at all stages of development. What do you think, can policy and politics be separated or are they so intertwined that we must consider them both together?