3. The Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer networks that use
the standard Internet protocol suite to serve
billions of users worldwide.
 A collection of thousands of individual
networks and organizations, each of which is
run and paid for its own
 Each network cooperates with other
networks to direct internet traffic so that
information can pass among them.

5. Internet Society (ISOC)
 an international organization that promotes
internet use and access
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
 committee charged with oversight of the
technical and engineering development of the internet
development by the ISOC
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
 develops and promotes Internet standards of
the TCP/IP and Internet protocol suite

6. World Wide Web Consortium (WC3)
 the main international standards for the World
Wide Web.
 engages in education and outreach, develops
software and serves as an open forum for discussion
about the Web
International Network Information Center (InterNIC)
 body primary responsible for domain name and
IP address allocations
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
 entity that oversees global IP address
allocation, DNS root zone management, and other
Internet protocol assignments.

8. 1969
 The U.S. Department of Defense funded
ARPANET, the forerunner of the Internet.
 it let researchers link to remote
computing centers and used those center’s
resources
 network nodes were set up at Stanford
Institute, the University of California Santa
Barbara, and the University of Utah.

9. 1971
Ray Tomlinson wrote the first basic email
programs SNDMSG and READMAIL.
 many believed that Tomlinson was the
inventor of e-mail, but in point of fact, he
invented the software that allowed messages to
be sent between computers.

10. 1972
 Larry Roberts wrote the first e-mail,
called RD, to manage, read file, and respond to
message.
1973
 The widely-used networking protocol
for local area networks called ETHERNET was
created by Robert Metcalfe and others at
Xerox PARC.
 It was originally known as Alto Aloha
Network. It was standardized as IEEE 802.3.

11. 1974
 Vint Cerf and Bob Khan publish a paper titled
“A Protocol for Packet Interconnection,” which defines
basic protocol for Internet communication which is the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
1982
 TCP and IP suite were formally established
as the underlying protocols of the Internet.
1984
 the domain name system (DNS) was
introduced

12. 1988
 Jarkko Oikarinen, the founder of the
Internet Rely Chat (IRC), wrote the first IRC client
and server at the University of Oulu, Finland.
1990
 The first Internet search engine “Archie” was
introduced.
1991
 Tim Berners Lee developed the earliest form
of the World Wide Web at Swiss-based CERN
(European Org. for Nuclear Research)
 Gopher was created at the University of
Minnesota

13. 1992
 Jean Armour Polly a librarian, coined the
phrase “surfing the Internet
1993
 Mosaic Web browser was released which
revolutionized Internet browsing experience.

14. 1994
 Yahoo was founded by Stanford
graduates students David Filo and Jerry Yang.
Originally called “Jerry and David’s Guide to the
World Wide Web,” it was called the directory of
the many sites on the Internet.
 Jim Clark and Marc Andreessen
incorporated Mosaic Communication which later
renamed Netscape Communications. Netscape
navigator was their first product.

15. 1995
 Jeff Bezos launched “Earth’s largest
bookstore”, amazon.com. Founded in 1994 was
initially named cadabra.com, but went online
only in 1995.

16. 1996
 Hotmail the first free Web-based e-mail provider
founded by Jack Smith and Sabeer Bhatia.
 Google began as a research project by two Ph. D.
students at Stanford, Larry Page and Sergey Brin.
 the precursor of Google was a program called
BackRub which analyzed back-links to a web page. Their
experiments with BackRub resulted in the algorithm called
PageRank which used back-links to segregate Web pages
based on relevance.
 Google is derived from “googol,” which refers to a
number which followed by a hundred zeros.

17. 1997
 the term weblog and blog are coined
1998
 the term “Open Source” was invented
1999
 the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file-sharing
software Napster, created by Shawn Fanning, is
released, which allows people to share files, in
particular, music, with each other over the
Internet.

18. 2000
 the high-speed Internet2 backbone deploys IPv6,
the next generation of IP standards.
2001
 Wikipedia a free online encyclopedia was formally
launched.
 Bittorrent P2P file-sharing communication protocol
was invented by Bram Cohen.

19. 2003
 Mozilla.org founded the Mozilla Foundation,
established to oversee the development and distribution of
all Mozilla products, such as Gecko browser. The
foundation is famous for having later released Firefox.
 MySpace, a popular social networking site was
launched.
2004
 the concept of Web2.0 was introduced
 Google announces the release of Gmail

20. 2005
 YouTube was launched, allowing users to upload
and share videos over the Web.
2006
 Phone communications over the Internet become
increasingly popular with the Voice Over Internet Protocol
(VoIP)
 Google bought YouTube for $1.65B.
2007
 Google surpasses Microsoft as “the most valuable
global brand,” and also is the most visited Web site.

21. 2008
 In a move to challenge Google’s dominance of
search and advertising on the Internet, Microsoft offered to
buy Yahoo for $44.6 B.
2009
 ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers)
 gains autonomy from the U.S government
2010
 Facebook announces in Februrary that it has 400
million active users.

24. Information on the Internet is
multimedia-capable of having colored
images, sound and video.
 These can be expensive to produce, but
increasingly there are open sources of these
types of content that are free of charge.
Once produced, the price of distribution of
the information is nominal compared to that
of producing hard-copy books, CDs and
films.

25. Information on the Internet can be hyperlinked.
This permits both teachers and learners to
assemble large bodies of information from a wide
variety of sources without actually having to store
the information in one place; e.g., on paper or a
hard disk.
 Hyperlinks within information on the Internet
enables users to find or cite additional sources of
pertinent information.

26. Information on the Internet is searchable.
 Search engines such as Google, Yahoo,
Wikipedia, etc. enable users to find
information on every imaginable topic.

27.  Intelligent agents can be programmed to
search the Internet for particular
information and inform the user of the
existence and location of that information.
 In fact, these agents can harvest
pertinent information and deliver it to the
user's desktop.

28.  Information on the Internet originates
from world-wide sources.
 Users are no longer limited to the
library, gallery, museum or video or
record store in their locale.