Risk factors for Breast Cancer Risk factors for Breast Cancer

Diet, Lifestyle and Breast Cancer Risk Barbour S Warren, PhD Program on Breast Cancer & Environmental Risk Factors Sprecher Institute for Comparative Cancer Research

1) Biology of the development of breast cancer 2) Risk factors for breast cancer (in light of the biology) 3) Potential for modification of breast cancer risk Overview

Initiation Promotion Progression ,[object Object],[object Object],Stages of Cancer Formation Unspecialized Cell Initiated Cell Benign Tumor Malignant Tumor Latency Period, 20 years or more ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Development of the Breast Ductal Tree Differentiation Occurs With Pregnancy 2 years After Puberty After Pregnancy Proliferation Proliferation Differentiation Proliferation Birth

Proliferation and Differentiation A Ying-Yang Relationship in Breast Cancer Formation Proliferation Differentiation

Proliferation – Cell Multiplication Essential for normal growth & development of the breast Important factor in breast cancer ,[object Object],[object Object]

Proliferation Decreases Mutation Repair Time For Repair Before DNA Duplication Little Time For Repair Before DNA Duplication Within a Cell In Each Daughter Cell In Each Daughter Cell

Proliferation – Cell Multiplication Essential for normal growth & development of the breast Important factor in breast cancer ,[object Object],Estrogen and other reproductive hormones cause proliferation of breast cells ,[object Object],Proliferating cells at risk to undergo initiation, promotion and progression stages of cancer formation

Development of the Breast Ductal Tree Differentiation Occurs With Pregnancy 2 years After Puberty After Pregnancy Birth Lobules

Puberty Sexual Maturity Pregnancy Lactation Terminal End Bud Lobule Type 1 Lobule Type 2 Lobule Type 3 Lobule Type 4 60 22 4 1 Level of Proliferation Differentiation of A Breast Lobule Growth to a Functioning Entity

Cells at Risk Are Analogous to a Target’s Bull’s-eye ,[object Object],Carcinogens

Interaction of a Cell at Risk with a Carcinogen Can Produce an Initiated Cell ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Estrogen ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Estrogen may be metabolized to form a carcinogen which could cause mutations and form initiated cells Relation to Breast Cancer Risk

How Is The Risk Of Breast Cancer Increased? ,[object Object],[object Object],2) Greater level of proliferation Increased promotion & progression 3) Increase number of cells at risk to become breast cancer 4) Increase the time of high risk for tumor initiation

Vegetables and Fruits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Anti-cancer Agents in Vegetables & Fruits Inhibition of Initiation Stage of Cancer Formation

Anti-cancer Agents in Vegetables & Fruits Inhibition of Initiation Stage of Cancer Formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Anti-cancer Agents in Fruits & Vegetables Inhibition of Promotion Stage of Cancer Formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Physical Activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Smoking Tobacco ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alcohol Use ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Initiation Promotion ,[object Object],[object Object],Unspecialized Cell Initiated Cell Benign Tumor Decrease Initiation Process 1) Minimize Exposures 2) Childbirth 3) Diet 4) Avoid radiation exposure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Modifying the Stages of Cancer Formation

Risk factors for Breast Cancer Risk factors for Breast Cancer

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Risk factors for Breast Cancer Risk factors for Breast Cancer