2. DSM-IV Personality
Disorders
•How we classify/categorize disorders
•Defined as problems in pervasive
patterns of thinking and behaving
•Impairments in either self functioning
(identity, self direction) or
interpersonal functioning (empathy,
intimacy)
3. Cluster A - Odd/
Eccentric
• Paranoid - paranoia, pervasive, long-
standing suspiciousness/mistrust of others
• Schizoid - lack of interest in social
relationships, emotional coldness, apathy
• Schizotypal - anxiety in social setting, odd
behavior/thinking, unconventional beliefs
4. Cluster B - Dramatic/
Emotional/Erratic
• Antisocial - pervasive pattern of disregard for or
violation of the rights of others
• Borderline - unusual degree of instability in
variability and depth of moods, chaotic
• Histrionic - excessive emotionality and attention-
seeking, excessive/inappropriate need for approval
• Narcissistic - excessively preoccupied with
personal adequacy, power, prestige, and vanity
5. Cluster C - Anxious/
Fearful
• Avoidant - pervasive pattern of social inhibition,
feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative
evaluation, and avoidance of social interactions
• Dependent - pervasive pattern of dependence on
others to meet emotional needs, inadequate, helpless
• Obsessive/Compulsive - pervasive pattern of
preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and
mental and interpersonal control at the expense of
flexibility, openness, and efficiency
6. Seven Types of
Disorders:
1. Antisocial/Psychopathic - grandiosity
and a pervasive pattern of taking
advantage of other people
2. Avoidant - Inhibited from forming and
maintaing relationships out of fears of
humiliation and rejection
7. Seven Types of
Disorders:
3. Borderline - intense emotionality,
impulsivity, internal feelings of
emptiness and rejection
4. Narcissistic - impairments in self and
interpersonal functioning, problems
with exaggerated personality and
identity, and failures in empathy and
intimacy
8. Seven Types of
Disorders:
5. Obsessive Compulsive - hyper focused on
details and are excessively stubborn, rigid,
and moralistic
6. Schizotypal - characterized by odd thinking
and appearances or confused states
7. Personality disorder trait specified (catch all
for everything else)
9. DSM-IV Disorders and
Big Five Traits
•grounded in personality science
•treats personality disorders as
extremes (high/low) of the traditional
personality trait dimensions
11. (Continued)
• O - psychoticism
• C - compulsivity (high C), disinhibition (low C)
• E - detachment (low E)
• A - antagonism (low A)
• N - negative affectivity (high N)
12. Problems with the
DSM-IV
• poorly defined - based on theoretical views
without much research
• individual symptoms vague
• hard to operationalize in a real world setting
- new DSM-V dimensions classification
should solve this
• inadequate relationship/connection to
modern personality theory