1. Chapter 6
A New
Industrial
Age
1877-1900

2. I. Expansion of Industry
A.Natural
Resources
Oil, Iron, Coal

3. B. Inventions
Henry Bessemer & William Kelly (1850) –
purified iron = Bessemer Process - STEEL
* Brooklyn Bridge
* Skyscraper, Chicago – William Jenney
* Railroads

5. 1883
1,595 feet
135 feet
1885

6. COMMUNICATION
Christopher Sholes (1867) - typewriter
Alexander Graham Bell (1876) - telephone

7. Thomas Edison – 1,093 patents
Lewis Latimer – “Edison Pioneers”
Fine carbon wire in lightbulb
Granville T. Woods
“Black Edison”
Engineer

8. 1877,
phonograph
Motion pictures,
1891
Lightbulb, 1879

9. II. Age of Railroads

10. Major settlement
for the west –
1869 transcontinental = east & west coast
A. Growth

12. B. Goals
 New towns & communities
 New markets
 Economic opportunities
 Link trade and interdependence

14. III. Big BusinessIII. Big Business
Andrew Carnegie – Steel BillionaireAndrew Carnegie – Steel Billionaire

16. A. Monopolistic Business PracticesA. Monopolistic Business Practices
Vertical IntegrationVertical Integration --
bought outbought out all theall the
suppliessupplies to controlto control
raw materialsraw materials
Horizontal IntegrationHorizontal Integration
bought outbought out allall
companiescompanies thatthat
made same productmade same product

17. John D. Rockefeller - BillionaireJohn D. Rockefeller - Billionaire
Standard Oil Company of Ohio – Trust
1870 2% by 1880 90%
Out manipulated his competition

18. B.B. Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism
Justified laissez-faire “Hands off,Justified laissez-faire “Hands off,
allowed to do” business practiceallowed to do” business practice
““SurvivalSurvival of the fittest in the businessof the fittest in the business
world”world”
Paid low wages, dangerous conditions,Paid low wages, dangerous conditions,
Long hoursLong hours

19. IV. Labor Unions
Created for
Better Pay
Shorter Hours
Safer Conditions

20. MaryMary Harris “Mother” Jones - coal & children –Harris “Mother” Jones - coal & children –
80 million children march, 190380 million children march, 1903

23. A. Organizations – Select 3
o NLU – (1866) National Labor Union
o CNLU – (1869) Colored National Labor
o KOL – (1869) – Knights of Labor ––
accepted everyone
o AFL – American Federation of Labor
o ARU – American Railway Union
o IWW – Industrial Workers of the World
o UMW – United Mine Workers