BFA PPT Slide-04

2.  Open Wounds
 Closed Wounds
WOUNDS

3. TYPE OF WOUND (ABRASIONS)
 An abrasion is a superficial injury, commonly
known as a graze or scratch.
 Damages only the epidermis.
 Commonly caused by a glancing impact across
the surface of the skin.

4. TYPE OF WOUND (ABRASIONS)

5. TYPE OF WOUND (CONTUSIONS)
 Commonly known as bruises.
 May be superficial or deeper within tissues or
organs.
 Caused by blunt injury to tissues,
damaging the blood vessels beneath the
skin.

6. TYPE OF WOUND (CONTUSIONS)

7. TYPE OF WOUND (LACERATIONS)
 Commonly known as gashes, tears or cuts of
the skin.
 Skin surface is split or torn and full thickness
of the skin is damaged.
 Results in profuse bleeding.

8. TYPE OF WOUND (LACERATIONS)

9. TYPE OF WOUND (LACERATIONS)
Amputation is also a kind of laceration.
To treat amputation,
 Wrap the amputated part in a plastic bag.
 Wrap again in gauze or soft fabric.
 Place the package in another plastic bag filled
with crushed ice.
 Send the amputated part together with the
casualty to the hospital.

10. TYPE OF WOUND (INCISIONS)
 Cut-like injuries, made by sharp objects like
knives, broken glass etc.

11. TYPE OF WOUND (GUNSHOT)

12. TYPE OF WOUND (PUNCTURE)
 Skin completely punctured by an object that is
pointed and narrow, such as a nail.

13. BLEEDING
Our body’s mechanism to stop bleeding…
 Clotting of blood.
 Cut ends of a blood vessel will contract.
 Blood pressure will drop.

14. TYPE OF BLEEDING
 Arterial bleeding
 Venous bleeding
 Capillary bleeding

15. TYPE OF BLEEDING
Arterial bleeding
 Blood is bright right red in colour.
 Spurts out from a wound in time with the
heartbeat.
 Severed main artery may jet blood several
feet high.
 Rapidly reduce the volume of circulatory
blood.

16. TYPE OF BLEEDING
Venous bleeding
 Blood is dark red in colour.
 Gush out from wound profusely.
Capillary bleeding
 Blood oozing at the site of the wound.
 Blood loss is usually slight.

17. FIRST AID PRIORITIES
 Control blood loss by applying pressure over
the wound and raising the injured part.
 Take steps to minimize shock, which can
result from severe blood loss.
 Cover any open wound with a dressing to
protect it from infection and promote natural
healing.
 Pay extra attention to hygiene to prevent
cross-contamination between you and the
casualty.

18. TREATMENT FOR
MINOR EXTERNAL BLEEDING
 Direct pressure.
 Elevation.
 Small adhesive dressing.
 Medical aid need only be sought if the
bleeding does not stop or if the wound is at
special risk of infection.

19. Protecting yourself…
 Use disposable gloves.
 Wash hands well in soap and water before and
after treatment.
 Cover any sores or open wounds with
waterproof adhesive dressing.

20. Cleaning and dressing of wound…
 If the wound is dirty, clean it by rinsing lightly
under running water or use an antiseptic
wipe.
 Elevate the wounded part above the level of
the heart.
 Apply adhesive dressing.
 If there is a special risk of infection, advise
the casualty to see a doctor.

21. INTERNAL BLEEDING
Recognition:
 Pallor.
 Cold, clammy skin.
 A rapid, weak pulse.
 Pain.
 Thirst.
 Confusion, restlessness
and irritability, possibly
leading to collapse and
unconsciousness.
 After violent injury,
pattern bruising.
 Bleeding from orifices.
 Information from the
casualty that indicates
recent injury or illness,
previous similar
episodes or he or she
takes drugs for a
medical condition.

22. Bleeding from orifices…
Site Appearance Cause
Mouth Bright red, frothy,
coughed-up blood.
Bleeding in the lungs.
Vomitted blood, red
or dark reddish-
brown, resembling
coffee colour.
Bleeding within the
digestive system.
Ear Fresh, bright red
blood.
Injury to the inner or
outer ear or
perforated eardrum.
Thin watery blood. Leakage of
cerebrospinal fluid
following head injury.

23. Bleeding from orifices…
Site Appearance Cause
Nose Fresh, bright red
blood.
Ruptured blood vessel
in the nostril.
Thin, watery blood. Leakage of
cerebrospinal fluid
following head injury.
Anus Fresh, bright red
blood.
Injury to the anus or
lower bowel.
Black, tarry,
offensive-smelling
stool.
Injury to upper
bowel.

24. Bleeding from orifices…
Site Appearance Cause
Urethra Urine with a red or
smoky appearance
and occasionally
clots.
Bleeding from the
bladder or kidneys.
Vagina Either fresh or dark
blood.
Menstruation,
miscarriage, disease
of or injury to the
vagina or womb.