psy1170

1. Effects of nonparental care on
Infants and Toddlers
Melina Pajor

2. Terms
 Nonparental care- any care given that is not from the primary caregivers
 Attachment- emotional bond to parent
 Enriched daycare- daycare that allows for children’s social, art, literacy, physical
skills and numeracy development

3. Historical Impacts
 Women entering the workforce
 Employment Insurance Act which extended benefits

4. Difficult to study
 Nonparental care is hard to study because there in no separation between the
different care arrangements, in Canada they are all put together under the title
nonparental care.

5. Does better care mean less issues in future?
Yes however it depends on:
 the type of nonparental care they are receiving,
 their genetic makeup
 how much time they spend with the primary caregiver outside of nonparental care

6. Stress
 Being away from primary caregiver causes higher cortisol levels in infants and
toddlers
 When reunited with caregivers cortisol levels usually drop to normal
 if child is not comforted then cortisol levels can remain high

7. Attachment Based Daycare
 Infants not accepted until 9 months old
 For first few weeks babies and toddlers are accompanied by primary caregiver
 Infants don’t start attending full time until they are 18 months old

8.  Children who attend enriched daycares have higher IQ’s and better performance in
school
 More hours spent in daycares can lead to larger behavioral problems in elementary
Enriched Daycare

9. Belsky
 Concluded that there are daycare and attachment are connected
 The attachment depends on community, societal and cultural

10. Different Views on nonparental care
 The quality of the care is just important as the quantity of care
 The high level of cortisol can effect and infants brain which can lead to problem
behaviors

11. Positive and Negative view on nonparental
care
Positive
➡ High-quality care
Negative
➡ Poor-quality care
The relationship between positive and negative effects on nonparental care is
very complicated. However, what researchers can distinguish is that high-quality
care causes positive outcome and poor-quality care causes negative outcomes.

12. Relates Personally
 I spent a lot of my childhood daycare
 I have a great relationship with my parents
because they made sure to spend lots of time
with me outside of daycare

13. Relates to Career
 I would like to work in Early Childhood Education. I would be providing the non-
parental care so it is important to know the effects that is has on children. That way
I can do my best to minimize them.

14. References
Boyd, D. (2015). Social and personality development. In Lifespan Development (Fifth
Canadian Edition ed., pp. 170-175). Toronto: Pearson.