2. Sergio López Soria PCVD in 2011: An update

3. Historical background of PCV2 and PCVD

8. PCV2 and PCVD

12. 1960 2009 Natural history of PCV2 and PMWS First retrospective evidence of PCV2 infection (1962) First retrospective evidence of PMWS occurrence (1985) First description of PMWS in NA (1991) – sporadic First description of PMWS in EU (1995-97) Major epizootic PMWS outbreaks in EU and Asia (1998-2004) Major epizootic PMWS outbreaks in North and South America (2004-07) First PCV2 vaccine available (2004) PCV2 vaccines

14. PCV2 infection and transmission

15. PCV2 viral loads (qPCR) or PCV2 antibody titres Weeks of age PCV2 antibodies PMWS PCV2 infection dynamics 1 3 7-9 21 15 PCV2 viremia

21. PMWS

22. If PCV2 is ubiquitous, ¿WHY SOME FARMS EXPERIENCE PMWS?

23. Pig genetics, sex, other Co-infections PCV2 genotype Moment of infection Sow status Management: Madec’s 20 point plan PMWS: a multifactorial disease

25. PMWS reduction through zootechnical measures (Guilmoto y Wessel-Robert, 2000) Farm Rate of measures compliance Loss rate before (%) Loss reduction 1 81% 18.3 -13.7 2 86% 14.7 -12.7 3 59% 19.0 -9.3 4 84% 11.2 -5.8 5 79% 15.3 -6.4 6 70% 12.7 -4.7 7 82% 11.5 -4.4 8 55% 12.3 -3.5 9 54% 17.6 0.4 10 72% 11.3 0.7 Media 66% 13.1 -5.4

26. PMWS reduction through zootechnical measures (Guilmoto y Wessel-Robert, 2000) Farm Rate of measures compliance Loss rate before (%) Loss reduction 1 81% 18.3 -13.7 2 86% 14.7 -12.7 3 59% 19.0 -9.3 4 84% 11.2 -5.8 5 79% 15.3 -6.4 6 70% 12.7 -4.7 7 82% 11.5 -4.4 8 55% 12.3 -3.5 9 54% 17.6 0.4 10 72% 11.3 0.7 Media 66% 13.1 -5.4

30. PCV2 subclinical infection

31. PCV2 subclinical infection 160 piglets from two PMWS affected farms. Weight and viral load analyses at 3, 9, 15 and 21 wks of age. Area under the curve for weight and viral load was calculated. The higher the AUCqPCR during the postweaning period, the lower AUCW (ρ=-0.203; p=0.010).

32. Laboratorial Techniques for PCV2 and PMWS

33. PCR Laboratorial Analyses: PCR Useful to monitor: Infection dynamic Subclinical infection Sibila et al., 2004 % PCR (serum) Weeks of age Non-PMWS affected farms Percentage PMWS affected farms PCV2 is ubiquitous Not useful for PMWS diagnosis

34. Can PMWS be diagnosed in live animals??? Laboratorial Analyses: qPCR Quantitative PCR Slight Moderate Severe PMWS lesions a b c Olvera et al., 2004 PMWS Subclinical PCV2 infection

35. Not proved to be specific and/or sensitive enough to replace current diagnostic criteria (Fort et al., 2007; Grau-Roma et al., 2009) Inter-laboratory and inter-assay variation (Harding et al., 2009; Hjulsager et al., 2009) qPCR suggested applications for PMWS herd diagnosis. Can qPCR be used as a diagnostic tool for PMWS?

36. Non-PMWS affected farms Weeks of age PMWS affected farms Serology (IPMA, ELISA) Sibila et al., 2004 Percentage Laboratorial Analyses: Serology Useful to monitor: Maternal immunity transfer Infection dynamic Seroconversion to vaccination PCV2 is ubiquitous All piglets seroconvert Not useful for PMWS diagnosis

39. Prevention and control

40. Prevention and control Prevention and control Initial efforts directed to counteract the known triggering factors Since 2004 onwards  PCV2 vaccination

42. PCV2 CReSA Team