2. Contraception
Voluntary prevention of conception
Uses artificial means that prevents the union of sperm
and egg
Synonymous with
Family planning
Planned parenthood
Responsible parenthood
Birth control
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 2
3. BIRTH CONTROL???
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 3
4. Birth control is a misnomer!!!!
The birth of a baby cannot be prevented from being
born or coming out once it is conceived in the womb
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 4
5. STERILIZATION
Positive use of artificial methods
Cutting off the sexual capacity in a man and woman
Usually done surgically
Types: (according to willingness)
Voluntary
Involuntary
Types: (according to purpose or ends)
Therapeutic
Contraceptive
Eugenic
Social
Punitive
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 5
6. 1.Therapeutic sterilization
Removal of part or all of the reproductive organ
To save ones life or promote bodily integrity
Principle of totality (under natural law ethics)
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 6
10. 2. Contraceptive sterilization
Justification:
1. Serious illness of either husband of wife
TB, epileptics, syphilitics and lepers
2. Probability of genetic abnormality
Carrier of defective gene
3. Financial burden
4. Child-bearing puts one’s health in danger
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 10
11. 3. Eugenic and social sterilization
Purpose of hindering the conception of undesirable
and physically or mentally unfit offspring
Social engineering
Society free from individuals afflicted with social
diseases
Grave mental defects
Lepers, idiots
Imbeciles
Morons
Insane
Carriers of congenital defective genes
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 11
12. 4. Punitive sterilization
Done as punishment for crime or antisocial behavior
Catholic theologians defended this under the double
effect principle
The sterilization is not “direct” since the primary and
intended effect is punishment and the contraceptive
effect is therefore “indirect” or secondary
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 12
13. Justifications of contraception
1. Parenthood and birth are matters of moral responsibility
and intelligent choice.
2. An individual should be the one to determine his/her
fertility and should be able to control his/her fecundity
3. One should be able to decide how many children one is
able to bear and support
4. Contraceptive technology makes men and women
persons of will and decision, and not inert and powerless
bodies subject to church proscriptions or to the divine
will.
5. Contraception checks the transmission of recessive
disorders or genetically-linked diseases.
Genetic testing and chromosomal analysis
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 13
14. Methods of Contraception
1. Folk methods
Precoital/Poscoital Douche
Prolonged Lactation
Withdrawal- coitus interruptos, coitus reservatus
2. Mechanical methods
condom
Diaphragm
Sponge
3. Chemical methods
Vaginal suppositories and tablets
Vaginal jellies, creams, and foams
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 14
15. 4. Hormonal methods
Contraceptive pills
Injections and implants
5. Abortifacients
Intrauterine Device
DES( diethylstilbestrol
Prostaglandin
Antipregnancy vaccine
Low-dose of contraceptive pills
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 15
16. 6. Surgical methods
Tubal ligation
Vasectomy
Hysterectomy
7. Natural or behavioral methods
Rhythm or calendar method
Temperature method
Ovulation (Mucus) Method
Sympto-thermal method
Sex relations during menstruation
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 16
25. Application of ethical theories
Natural law ethics had two division
only rhythm method and abstinence
Voluntary sterilization as WRONG
Utilitarianism
Justify contraception and sterilization for the greatest
happiness and benefits
Pragmatism
Contraception and sterilization is
practical, useful, beneficial
Mevelle L. Asuncion, RN
Central Mindanao University College of Nursing 25