IB Diploma Environmental Systems

1. Topic 8 – Human Systems and Resource Use
Define the following key terms:
Crude birth rate
Crude death rate
Total fertility rate
Natural increase
Outline how crude birth rate is calculated
Explain how the following factors influence birth rate
Education
Standard of living
Family planning
Economic prosperity
Employment
1
Outline how natural increase is calculated

2. Draw a diagram to show how population has changed since 1800
Topic 8
How can population pyramids be useful in predicting future population trends?
List factors that influence population growth
Draw and annotate the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) with how development
influenced BR, DR and population growth
2

3. Outline how government population control policies can influence
population change
Anti-natalist
Pro-natalist
Topic 8
3
Outline the One Child Policy from China
Advantages
Disadvantages
Impact on Population Dynamics
Reforms (2013 & 2016)
Which EVS would population control policies be associated with?
Justify your reasoning

4. Topic 8

5. Define the following key terms:
Natural capital
Natural income
Ecosystem Goods
Ecosystem Services
Renewable resources
Non-renewable resources
Topic 8
Define the types of ecosystem services and give examples
Supporting Services Regulating Services
Provisioning Services Cultural Services
5
For an ecosystem list the goods and services provided by it

6. CASE STUDY
Outline how one renewable resource is being mismanaged and
the consequences of mismanagement
Topic 8
Additional Example
Outline how one non-renewable resource is being mismanaged and the consequences of
mismanagement (Oil)
6
CASE STUDY
Outline how one non-renewable resource is being mismanaged and the consequences of
mismanagement (Phosphorous)

7. Define the following key terms and give examples:
Economic Value
Ecological Value
Aesthetic Value
Intrinsic Value
Recreational Value
Topic 8
7
For an ecosystem of your choice, outline the economic, ecological,
aesthetic and intrinsic values that maybe placed on it
Define the following
Optional values
Existence values

8. Outline why it is of importance to place an economic value on ecosystems
and their services
Topic 8
8
Outline why it might be a challenge to place an economic value on the
services provided by ecosystems
Outline why we should look for alternative ways to place value on our ecosystems
CASE STUDY – Outline the value and importance of our oceans

9. Define the following key terms and give examples:
Direct use
Indirect use
Consumptive use
Non-consumptive use
Topic 8
9
What factors influence the value of natural capital?
Explain the dynamic nature of natural capital using an example

10. Define the following key terms and give examples:
Solid domestic waste
General domestic waste
Electronic waste
Topic 8
10
Outline how and why domestic waste varies in relation to economic
prosperity and development. Use examples as evidence.
List what makes up solid domestic waste

11. Outline the problem with solid domestic waste
Topic 8
11
Outline the problem with electronic waste
EXAMPLES OF WASTE IN LANDFILLS
PLASTICS NAPPIES

12. Outline the process consumer goods go through from earth to dump.
Topic 8
12
Define the following key terms
Landfill
Recycling
Composting
Incineration
What is the problem with consumerism?
Facts on waste

13. Outline the problems with landfill
Topic 8
13
Recycling in Europe
Which countries have the highest rates of recycling?
Which countries have the lowest rates of recycling?
Outline the problems with incineration
What factors influence the ability of a place to manage solid domestic
waste?

14. Outline the difference between reduce, reuse and recycling in relation to waste
Topic 8
14
Outline how each of the following strategies for managing SDW
Altering human behaviour
Pollution control
Landfill reclamation
Which waste management strategy is most sustainable? Why?
In what ways is incineration a better option than landfill?

15. WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Outline the UN step initiative
Outline Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment recycling (WEEE) regulations
Topic 8
15
WASTE FACTS

16. Topic 8
Problems with trash
CASE STUDY – GREAT PACIFIC GARBAGE PATCH

17. Topic 8
Define the following key terms
Carrying capacity
Optimum population
Over-population
Ecological footprints
Standard of living
Draw and annotate the models for population growth and carrying capacity
Outline how standard of living is calculated

18. Topic 8 Outline Thomas Malthus’ views on population growth and food
Outline Thomas Malthus’ views on population growth and food

19. Topic 8
What factors can influence human carrying capacity?
CASE STUDY
Outline how sustainable tourism can help to increase the carrying capacity of
the environment
Outline how the carrying capacity can be changed

20. Topic 8
Outline how ecological footprints are measured
Outline the factors that can reduce ecological footprint
Outline the factors that increase ecological footprints
Which countries have large ecological footprints? Why?
Which countries have small ecological footprints? Why?

21. Topic 8
CASE STUDY – CANADA
Background information
Outline why Canada is trying to reduce their ecological footprint
Outline how the ecological footprint of Calgary, Canada is being
reduced Successes
Areas for development