Developing prototype for_health_education_program_on_prevention_and_control_of_STDs, HIV and AIDS_in_community_settings

1. Developing Prototype
for Health Education Program on
Prevention and Control of STDs,
HIV and AIDS in Community
Setting
Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
MPH/HPE

2. Background
"Health is created and lived by people
within the settings of their everyday life;
where they learn, work, play, and love.“
The Ottawa Charter
(1986)

3. Background
 The community as a setting for health
promotion includes a broad range of
population groups such as women, men,
children, families, friendship networks and
particular interest groups, as well as
neighborhoods, villages, towns, cities, and
community and voluntary organizations.
 Community includes physical spaces and the
nature of human relationships within those
spaces.

4. Background
• The health of people living in
disadvantaged communities is determined
by structural and environmental conditions
such as poverty, poor housing, social
discrimination and powerlessness.
• At the heart of participatory approach to
health is the empowerment of
communities, strengthening their capacity
to take collaborative action.

5. Background
 Three of the Ottawa Charter strategies are
particularly relevant to the community setting
for Health promotion
a. Healthy public policy,
b. Supportive environments and
c. Strengthening community action.
 Community is a place for organizing and
mobilizing people to address the challenges
that affect their health. successful community
interventions depend on an understanding and
a sharing of power between the community
and external agencies.

6. Background
 The settings-based approaches to health
promotion, involve a holistic and multi-
disciplinary method which integrates
action across risk factors.
 Healthy Settings key principles include
community participation, partnership,
empowerment and equity.

7. Background
• HIV in Nepal is extremely heterogeneous,
with respect to the most‐at‐risk populations
(MARPs), geographic distribution, and risk
factors in different geographic regions.
• The epidemic is concentrated in key
populations such as sex workers, injecting
drug users (IDUs), men who have sex with
men (MSM), and some migrants.
• Effective prevention interventions need to be
scaled up among MARPs and their direct
sexual partners.

8. Background
• Nepal's poverty, political instability and gender
inequality, combined with low levels of education
and literacy make the task challenging, as do the
denial, stigma, and discrimination that surround
HIV and AIDS.

9. Statement of the Problems
• 81% of women and 98% of men have heard
about AIDS.
• 47% of women and 51% of men know that
HIV can be transmitted during pregnancy,
during delivery, and by breastfeeding.
Additionally, 44% of women and 36% of men
know that the risk of MTCT can be reduced
by the mother taking special drugs.
• 40% of women and 33% of men expressed
discriminatory attitudes towards people living
with HIV.

10. Statement of the Problems
• 34% of women and 58% of men know where
to get an HIV test, and 10% of women and
20% of men have ever been tested and
received the results.
• 15% of women and 2% of men who had ever
had sexual intercourse reported having had a
sexually transmitted infection (STI) and/or
STI symptoms
• 21% of young women and 27% of young men
age 15-24 have comprehensive knowledge of
HIV.

11. Rationale of Theme
• Nepal’s HIV epidemic is largely concentrated in
MARPs, especially female sex workers (FSW), IDUs,
MSM, transgender and some migrants in both rural
and urban community.
• HIV/AIDS is recognized as a national priority health
issue. Inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes and
risky practices are major obstacles to prevent the
spread of HIV and AIDS
• Hence, imparting the level of awareness regarding
HIV/AIDS among community people through health
education program will be a vital approach to bring
positive changes to prevent and control of HIV and
AIDS.

12. Rationale of Setting
• Community participation, partnership,
empowerment and equity are the key
principles for community health education
program
• Reaching out to people in community setting
allows for greater tailoring of health
information and education
• Community based health education program
encourage and enhance health and wellness
of people by imparting knowledge, skill and
empowering the people in community.

13. Rationale of Settings
• Hence, Community setting for health
education program is one of best approach
for health education program and health
promotion activities through the active
engagement and participation of community
people which helps for program
implementation in a effective and efficient
way.

14. Health Education Program
Using PIE Model

15. Introduction
• AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It
is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). HIV is found in semen, pre-ejaculatory fluid,
vaginal fluids, blood and breast milk of HIV
infected people. HIV destroys a type of white
blood cell the immune system uses to fight
disease. AIDS occurs when the body’s immune
system has been severely damaged and is the
final stage of HIV infection. People with AIDS are
vulnerable to life threatening infections and
cancers.
• Now HIV and AIDS have became the major health
problem of the nations.

16. Introduction Cont..
 Health education about HIV and AIDS for young people
requires special attention for prevention of high-risk social
and sexual behaviors in this age group. Health education
lead to more responsible behavior in young people and
reduces the exposure to HIV risk by delaying the initiation
of sexual activity or increasing condom use.
 The general goals of Health education about HIV and AIDS
are to reduce the risk of infection by imparting accurate
information about HIV/AIDS, correct myths and
misinformation, create an appropriate degree of concern
and motivation for behavioral change, build skills needed to
avoid high-risk situations, and eliminate fears and
prejudiced attitudes toward people with AIDS.

17. Collecting Baseline Data and
Information
• 81% of women and 98% of men have heard
about AIDS.
• 47% of women and 51% of men know that
HIV can be transmitted during pregnancy,
during delivery, and by breastfeeding.
Additionally, 44% of women and 36% of men
know that the risk of MTCT can be reduced
by the mother taking special drugs.
• 40% of women and 33% of men expressed
discriminatory attitudes towards people living
with HIV.

18. Collecting Baseline Data and
Information
• Discriminatory attitudes towards people
living with HIV are more common among
rural women and men (50% and 37%,
respectively) than urban women and men
(35% and 31%, respectively).
• Knowledge of treatment for HIV is lowest
among women and men with no education
(38% and 25%, respectively) and highest
among those with an SLC or above (53%
and 33%).

19. Identifying Health Education Needs
on Priority Basis
• AIDS caused by HIV remains the most
serious of infectious disease challenges to
public health.
• Most young people have only limited
knowledge about HIV/AIDS especially in the
rural areas. Young people have been
designated as a group at high risk of
acquiring HIV/AIDS due to their involvement
in sexual experimentation and the use of
recreational drugs.
• Hence, Health education program should
focus the young people of community
including most‐at‐risk populations (MARPs),

20. Establishing Goal and Objectives
• Goal
The overall goal of this program is to
decrease the disabilities, deformities and
death rates from STI, HIV and AIDS trough
providing adequate information, knowledge
about preventive & control measures of
STIs, HIV and AIDS.

21. Establishing Goal and Objectives
• General Objective:
To prevent and control the STI and
HIV/AIDS by raising awareness, advocacy
and providing knowledge and information
regarding prevention and control of STIs and
HIV/AIDS.

22. Establishing Goal and Objectives
Specific Objectives:
• Community people will get information
about the risk factors of STIs and
HIV/AIDS like (like unsafe sex practices,
multiple sex partners, Intravenous drug
abuse etc.)
• Community people will adopt the positive
behavior to prevent and control of STIs
and HIV/AIDS after the getting Health
education and Information

23. Deciding Contents to be Taught
• Introduction of STIs and HIV/AIDS
• Epidemiological Trend about STIs and
HIV/AIDS
• Cause and Risk factors of STIs and
HIV/AIDS
• Route of Transmission and Transmission
Mechanism of STIs and HIV/AIDS
• Preventive and Control measures of STI
and HIV/AIDS

24. Deciding Target Groups
• Primary targets for this program will be
Young People and Productive age
group(15- 50)
• Secondary targets will be all the people of
the community
• Total No. of Participants: 25

25. Deciding Appropriate Methods
and Media
• Methods:
Lecture method will be used to conduct
the health education program
• Media :
Poster
Pamphlets
OHP (Over Head Projector)
Video shows

26. Identifying Necessary and Available
Resources
• Local Health facility staff will be used as
facilitator.
• School hall or Palika hall will be used for the
Short lecture.
• The poster, pamphlets and other IEC material
will be collected from health office/Health
section
• The Short lecture and group discussion
program will be for 60 minutes.
• Use of appropriate technology for effective
learning

27. Implementing Strategies
• The Health education program will be conducted on
2nd of Bhadra, 2076 for 1 days. Implementation of
Health education programme will be done as
described in Schedule/Detail Plan of Action
• Program will be implemented through the
coordination of Health coordinator of Municipality,
HF, HMG, FCHVs at community level.
• Trained and skillful facilitator will be mobilized for
the program
• Required logistics/commodities will be managed
and allocated for the program implementation on
timely
• Community engagement and participation for the
program planning and implementations
• Monitoring, recording and reporting of the program 27

28. Developing a Detail Plan of
Action
S.N Contents Message to Convey Methods and
Media
Time
1 Introduction of STIs
and HIV/AIDS
-Meaning of STI, HIV &
AIDS
- Beliefs about HIV/AIDS
- Determinants of
precipitating HIV and
AIDS
- Sign and Symptom of
HIV/AIDS
- Method:
Lecture and
Interaction
- Media:
Poster,
Videos,
Slide
45
Minutes
2 Transmission of HIV
and AIDS
- Unprotected sexual
intercourse
- Sharing needles or
syringes
- Unsafe blood
transfusion
- Infection during
pregnancy, childbirth, or
breast-feeding (Mother-
- Method:
Lecture and
Interaction
- Media:
Poster,
Videos,
Slide
40
Minutes

29. Developing a Detail Plan of
Action
S.N Contents Message to Convey Methods and
Media
Time
3 Route of
Transmission
- Sexual Contact
- Blood Exposure
- Perinatal (Mother to
Child)
- Method:
Lecture and
Interaction
- Media:
Poster,
Videos,
Slide
20
Minutes

30. Developing a Detail Plan of
Action
S
.
N
Contents Message to Convey Methods and
Media
Time
3 Cause and Risk
factors of STIs
and HIV/AIDS
- Practice unsafe sex
- Lack of knowledge and
education
- Lack of accessibility of
Services
- Societal perceptions and
Stigmas (Disabled People
Victimization)
- Poverty
- Lack of necessary
information
- Poor laws and policies
related to HIV
- Method:
Lecture and
Interaction
- Media:
Poster,
Videos,
Slide
45
Minutes

31. Developing a Detail Plan of
Action
S
.
N
Contents Message to Convey Methods and
Media
Time
4 Preventive and
Control
measures of STI
and HIV/AIDS
- ABC Rule of HIV
Prevention
- Create awareness about
HIV
- Avoidance of IV drug use
- Practice of safe sex
- Use of sterilized
needles/sharp objects
- Early diagnosis and
treatment
- Method:
Lecture and
Interaction
- Media:
Poster,
Videos,
Slide
30
Minutes

32. Determining Time and
Techniques of Evaluation
Program Detail:
• Date: 9August 2019
• Time: 3 Hours (11 am-2 pm)
• Place : Veterinary Building, Khudi

33. Techniques of Evaluation
• Pre-test and post test will be done to
evaluate the knowledge level of
participants

34. References
1. https://www.who.int/healthy_settings/en/
2. https://www.healthpromotion.ie/hp-
files/docs/HPSF_HSE.pdf
3. Nepal Demographic Health Survey-2016
4. Annual Report, DoHS

35. THANK YOU