Technology

1. OBJECTIVE > DOUBLING FARMER’S
INCOME BY INCREASING YIELD
Presented to, Presented by,
EXT- 411 (RAWE)

2. What Is SWI?
New concept and practice of
wheat cultivation manipulating
the soil environment favorably
for better root and shoot
growth using principles of SRI
Wide spacing of plants for
better light and air utilization
Increased use of compost
and organic matter for the soil
Quality seed to be selected
and treated using appropriate
biotic and abiotic agents
Better soil aeration by use of
mechanical weeder.

3. Basic Principles of SWI
 Principle of root development: proper
nourishment and providing sufficient space
around the plant
 Principle of intensive care:
careful management of the soil
Outputs / Results
 Higher tillering
 Increased number of effective
tillers / hill
 Enhanced panicle length & bolder
grains
 Enhanced yield

4. METHODOLOGY
 Improved seed
 Seed treatment
 Land preparation
and application of
organic manure
 Seed rate
 Line sowing
 Gap filling
 Irrigation
 Weeding

5.  Improved seeds.
 Seed rate : 25-30 kg per
ha
 Seed treatment- to control seed borne
fungal diseases along with for higher
germination % and improved microbial
activity in soil.

6. Land Preparation and application of Organic
Manure-
 Organic manure is applied @ 5 tonnes FYM/ 1 tonne
vermi-compost / ha. & well incorporated immediately.
 Field was prepared with two disking followed by use of
cultivator twice. Planking was done after each
cultivation.
 If the soil does not have appropriate moisture, irrigate
before ploughing.

7.  Line Sowing: Two seeds are sown per hill and spacing is
maintained at 20 cm x 20 cm. Seeds are sown at a depth of
2.5 – 3 cm.
 Gap Filling: Wherever the seeds have not germinated, the
gap should be filled with germinated seeds within a week of
sowing.
 Irrigation:
1st- 15 days after sowing.
2nd- 25 days after sowing.
3rd- 35- 40 days after sowing.
Subsequent irrigations are given at 60, 80 and 100 DAS.

10. Water use and productivity

11. Weeding operation
 Most effective with the use of
mechanical welder, predominantly
Cono weeder ,which is operated when
the soil is soft.
 Increase grain yields in comparison to
conventional weeding.
 Also increase the plant hieght.

12. Conno weeder

13. OBSERVATION

14. Different between SWI and conventional practices

15. Difference in Yield Component in SWI & Conventional

18. Yield and yield attributes
Grains/spikes
Number of
spikes/m2
1000 gm
wt(gm.)
Grain yield q/ha
Straw yield q/ha7
s.no. Parameters
(avrg.10 plants)
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Conv. SWI Conv SWI Conv SWI
1 No. of tillers 6 27 5 25 7 32
2 Grain/spikes 24.6 49.8 22.4 46.8 50.3 73.5
3 No. of spikes/m2 315 426 307 403 407 462
4 1000 grain
wt(gm)
53 68 50 61 54 76
5 Grain yield(qt/ha) 31.9 57.3 30.6 54.8 32.8 61.3
6 Straw yield(qt/ha) 5.4 7.4 5.0 6.9 5.9 8.12

19. s.no. particulars Quantity Rs./unit Total
cost(Rs.)
A. Operational cost
1 Ploughing 2 800 1600
2 Planking 1 400 400
3 Sowing
By dibbler 1500
Application charge 1 labour 250 250
Total cost 3750
B. Material cost
1 Seed 30 kg 50/kg 1500
2 Fertilizer
(N:P:K=100:50:50)
Urea 100 kg 7/kg 700
DAP 50 kg 25/kg 1250
MOP 50 kg 18/kg 910
Economic analysis

20. 3 Vermicompost 4 qt 0.5/kg 200
4 Seed treatment 750g. 200
Total cost 4760
C . Cultural operations
1 Irrigation 6 800/irrigation 4800
Application charge 6 labour 250 1500
2 Cono weeder 1500
Application charge 4 labour 250 1000
Total cost 8800
D. Harvesting
Labour 20 labour 250 5000
E. Threshing
(yield=65 q/ha)
9750
Total cost 14750

21. Total cost =Rs. 32060
Msln.charge =3% of total cost
= 32060×3/100
= Rs. 961.8
Net total cost = 32060+961.8 =
Rs.33021.8
Gross income = Rs.1,37,880
Net income = 1,37,880-32060
= Rs.1,05,820

22. Uttar Pradesh
Dr. G.V. Ramanjaneyulu, CWS/Hyderabad, has provided a report on progress
with System of Wheat Intensification (SWI) methods in U.P.:
“Last week while on a visit to a few villages in Uttar Pradesh, Raibareilly
district, in one of the villages we have seen SWI promoted by Rajiv Gandhi
Mahila Vikas Pariyojana. The sowing was done with single seeds at 8 inches
square spacing. When we visited, the crop was in the final stages. We counted
the number of tillers, panicle length, number of grains in the panicle, etc."
Seed rate No. of tillers Panicle length Grains per panicle
Normal wheat:
broadcast
35 kg/acre 4-5 4-6 cm 25-30
SWI: single seed
sowing
> 5 kg/acre 25-30 12-15 cm 60-70
The crop is yet to be harvested, so no yield figures can be given. We have
also seen a Kudrat variety of wheat which was developed by a farmer
called Raghuvamsi from Varanasi. This is an amazing innovation with a
panicle more than 15 cm length and 100-120 grains in a single panicle
grown with conventional sowing."

23. SWI can enhance grain yield as much as 25 per cent
sustaining the ever burgeoning population.
Tediousness of line sowing can be minimized by
introducing simple, manually-operated, women-friendly
seed-drill machines.
Seed treatment with mixture of jaggery, cow urine &
vermi-compost, fungicides, and biofertilizers in an
order enhances soil fertility and soil quality.
Minimum chemical use sustains soil ecology.
Conclusion