Natural fibers

1. TEXTILE ASSIGNMENT # 01
Mohsin hassan
To: sir imran raza
Ts-01(a)
Textile-176
Date: 24/03/2016

2. Eight (8)
NATURAL FIBERS

3. 1-JUTE FIBER
it is a bast fiber which obtained from stalk of plant.
It is natural fiber also known as golden fiber.
The second most popular fiber in the world.
It grown chiefly in India.
India produces more than 40% jute fiber.
Its length is five(5) to ten(10) feet.
Jute fiber color is yellow to brown.
Its tenacity is moderate.
Dry length and low wet strength.
Jute elastic recovery is low.
Its resiliency is low.
Its density is 1.5g/cm^3.
Its moisture content is 13.7%.
Jute does not face any static problem.
Jute packaging is used as an eco-friendly substitute.
A very popular use that jute fibers are used alone or blended with other
types of fibers to make twine and rope.
Core uses: twine and rope, sackings, carpets, wrapping fabrics (cotton
bale), and the construction fabric manufacturing industry.
 It can be used in curtains, chair coverings, carpets, area rugs, hessian
cloth, and backing for linoleum.
espadrilles, floor coverings, home textiles, high performance textiles,
Geotextiles, and composites Other uses include.

4. 2-FLAX/LINEN FIBER
 Linen is a bast fiber which is obtained from the stalk of the plant.
 Its length is five(5) to twelve(12) inches.
 Its color and luster is white to grey.
 Its tenacity is 5.5 to 6.5.
 When it wet so it become 20% stronger.
 Elastic recovery of flax is low.
 Elongation of flax is low.
 Resiliency is low.
 Density of flax fiber is 1.5g/cm^3.
 Moisture content of flax is 12%.
 Flax does not build up static problem.
 Acid damage flax easily and high resistant alkali.
 Linens can be used for a variety of applications. From tablecloths and napkins
to clothing and decorations.
 Linen has been used as a tablecloth in households for several years now.
 It is able to absorb water very quickly and does not get damaged.
 Linen clothing is a popular choice, especially in warm climate countries.
 It is commonly used in the manufacture of shirts, t-shirts, pants and even
dresses.
 Linen has a very nice texture which allows for it to be used in decorating of
homes.
 If a linen cloth is used as a tablecloth or napkin, it may frequently encounter
stains from foods, drinks or even oils.

5. 3-WOOLFIBER
 Wool is a natural fiber.
 It is protein fiber and contain from Animal hair.
 Wool is a fiber that contain 18 to 20 amino acid.
 Wool is a fiber simultaneously –ve and +ve charge.
 Acid dyes and reactive dyes are recommended dyes for wool.
 Best quality of wool is merino wool.
 wool fibre has a higher ignition threshold than many other fibers and is flame retardant up
to 600º C. It also produces less toxic fumes in a fire.
 wool can even act as a fertilizer.
 wool’s natural structure allows it to absorb and release water vapour into the atmosphere,
keeping you warm in winter and cool in summer.
 wool is not known to cause allergy and does not promote the growth of bacteria. With
microscopic scales.
 wool fibre can be bent 20,000 times without breaking and still have the power to recover
and return to its natural shape. Quality wool garments look good for longer.
 modern wool can be machine-washed; retaining a small amount of natural oil, wool fiber
resists dirt and grease.
 wool acclimatizes to its surroundings.
 Wool is a bad conductor of heat so when we wear a woolen cloth. it does not allow the
heat of our body to go out and it keep us warm.
 One way to stay warm during cold winter months is by wearing wool clothing..
 And uses are in wool socks, sweaters, pants .
 Wool is used to manufacture mainly woolens like jackets, scarves, shawls, caps and other
winter accessories because it will keep us warm. Also wool is used to make blankets.
 Wool fabric is used for all kinds of clothing, couch covers, bedspreads, toilet covers,
tablecloths, and more.

6. 4-COTTON FIBER
 Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows
in a boll, or protective case, around the
seeds of cotton plants of the genus
Gossypium in the family of Malvaceae.
 The most important cotton-growing countries
are the USA, China, India, Pakistan
and Australia.

7. PROPERTIES & USES OF COTTON FIBER
 Cotton fiber length is 0.5 to 2.5 inches.
 Color of cotton varies from white to yellow.
 Tenacity of dry is 3 to 5 g/d and wet 3.3 to 6 g/d.
 Elongation is from 3 to 10%.
 Elastic recovery is low.
 Resilience is low.
 Moisture content is 8.5%.
 Density is 1.54 g/cm^3.
 Cotton does not face any static problem.
 Not resistant to acid.
 High resistant to alkali.
 Bacteria in soil can also degrade cotton .
 Cotton is used universally for a variety of apparel.
 It’s used to make all kinds of clothes and home wares as well as for
industrial purposes like tarpaulins, tents, hotel sheets and army uniforms.
 cotton is also used in fishnets, coffee filters, book binding and archival
paper.
 Cotton seed is fed to cattle and crushed to make oil.
 Clothes made out of cotton are especially light and comfortable .
 The long cotton fibers are used to make cloth.

8. 5-SILK FIBER
 Silk is a natural protein fiber.
 a fine continuous protein fiber produced by
various insect larvae usually for cocoons.
 It is the only natural filament fiber.

9. PROPERTIES & USES OF SILK FIBER
 low density makes for light and comfortable clothing.
 good affinity to dye.
 strongest natural fiber available.
 warm in winter, cool in summer.
 high resistance to deformation.
 silk is one of the most comfortable fiber fabrics in the world.
 Silk threads are very fine, soft and light in weight.
 They are very thin but strong having high elastic property.
 Pure silk fiber has great absorbency.
 Silk is the strongest natural protein fiber
 Bulk of silk fibers produced is utilized in preparing silk clothes.
 Production of synthetic fibers has posed a serious threat to the silk industry.
 many textile industries are manufacturing clothes like Teri-silk, cot silk etc.
 Besides silk being used as garments it is also used in other industries and for military
purposes.
 It is used in the manufacture of fishing fibers, parachutes, cartridge bags, insulation
coils for telephones and wireless receivers, tyres of racing cars, filter clothes for flour
mills, and in medical dressings and suture materials.
 Silk fabrics for women’s lingerie are characterized by their softness and the delicacy
of their colors.
 silk manufacturers continue to use old fashioned hand looms to reproduce the
splendid fabrics used in restoring to their former glory national palaces and stately
homes.

10. 6-COIRFIBER
 coir is a natural fiber extracted from the
husk of coconut.
 Coir is the fibrous material found between
the hard, internal shell and the outer coat of
a coconut.
 Industries based on coir have developed in
many coconut producing countries especially
India, Tanzania, Kenya, Bangladesh, Burma,
Thailand, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, Ghana.

11. PROPERTIES AND USES OF COIR FIBER
 There are two types of coconut fibers, brown fiber extracted from matured coconuts
and white fibers extracted from immature coconuts.
 Brown fibers are thick, strong and have high abrasion resistance.
 White fibers are smoother and finer, but also weaker.
 Length of coir fiber is 6 to 8 inches.
 Density of coir fiber is 1.40 g/cc
 Tenacity is 10 g/tex.
 Elongation of coir is 30%.
 Diameter of coir fiber is 0.1 to 1.5 mm.
 Swelling in water (diameter) is 5%.
 Moisture is 10.50%.
 Cellulose is 43.44%.
 Water soluble 5.25%.
 White coir spun into yarn is used in the manufacture of rope.
 Brown coir is used in sacking, brushes, doormats, rugs, mattresses, insulation panels
and packaging.
 Geotextiles made from coir mesh are durable, absorb water, resist sunlight, facilitate
seed germination, and are 100% biodegradable.
 Coir peat, a residue of milling, is gaining economic importance as mulch, soil
treatment and a hydroponic growth medium.
 Coir Fiber Liners that are environment friendly products and are used for indoor
gardening.

12. 7-CASHMERE FIBER
 Cashmere wool, usually simply known as
cashmere, is a fiber obtained
from cashmere goats and other types of
goat.
 Common usage defines the fiber as wool but
is finer and softer, giving its characteristics as
compared to sheep's wool.

13. PROPERTIES & USES OF CASHMERE FIBER
 Raw cashmere comes naturally from the goat in only the three colors of white, gray
and brown.
 fineness of each strand of cashmere is typically between 7 and 19 microns with an
average of 14 microns.
 This fineness gives cashmere its trademark silky texture.
 Cashmere fibers are cylindrical, soft, silky, smooth, resilient, moisture-absorbing and
very warm.
 Cashmere doesn't stand up to hard wear because of its very delicate downy nature.
 Hand-washing is the only acceptable form of at-home laundering for cashmere.
 goat only produces good-quality cashmere until around 4 or 5 years of age.
 8 times warmer than wool .
 Non shrinkable in cashmere.
 Staple length: 3.5–7 cm (1.5–3 inches).
 Color: gray-brown
 Cashmere fabric is an expensive material used for clothing and accessories such as
scarves and gloves.
 there is also a market for them in arts and crafts.
 The second most common use of cashmere fabric is in rugs and carpets.
 Another use for cashmere fabric is in ropes and tent curtains.
 Cashmere fabric can also be sewn or manipulated into bags and blankets. A
traditional use for cashmere was as a grain bag.

14. 8-HEMP FIBER
 The fiber is one of the most valuable parts of
the hemp plant. It is commonly called bast,
which refers to the fibers which grow on the
outside of the plant's stalk.
 Bast fibers give the plants strength.

15. PROPERTIES & USES OF HEMP FIBER
 Hemp fibers can be between approximately 0.91 m (3 ft) and 4.6 m (15
ft) long.
 the hemp may naturally be creamy white, brown, gray, black or green.
 Diameter of hemp fiber is 22 to 25 m.
 Hemp fiber fineness is 0.25 to 0.52 tex.
 Tensile strength is 0.53 to 0.62 N/tex.
 Elongation of hemp fiber is 3 to 4%.
 Specific weight of hemp fiber is 1.47 g/cm^3.
 Fiber length is 15 to 25 mm.
 Hemp is among the longest, strongest, most elastic, and most durable
fibers in nature.
 1 acre of hemp will produce as much fiber as 2 to 3 acres of cotton.
 Hemp is used in housing construction.
 Hemp may be grown also for food (the seed).
 Both the complete protein and the oils contained in hempseeds.
 Fuel can be a by-product of hemp cultivation.
 Hemp use dates back to the Stone Age.
 European plants are making auto panels from hemp based composites
that are biodegradable