Cell Structure and Function

1. Cell Structure & Function

5. Relative Sizes 100 m 10 m 1 m 10 cm 1 cm 1 mm 100  m 10  m 1  m 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 0.1 nm Eukaryotic Cells Mitochondrion Virus Proteins Atoms Electron Microscope Light Microscope Unaided eye Special E.M.

9. Generalized Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell Nucleus Golgi Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Centrioles Chloroplasts

10. Generalized Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell Nucleolus Ribosomes Central Vacuole Smooth E.R. Cell Wall

12. The Cytoskeleton Microtubule Microfilaments Intermediate Filaments Actin subunits Tubulin subunits Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondrion Plasma Membrane

14. Cilia & Flagella “ Sheath” X.S. Cell Membrane Shaft Base (a Centriole) T.E.M. T.E.M. Paramecium X.S. 1 2 3 4 5

15. Flagellum Parts Shaft, l.s. Shaft, x.s. Microtubule Doublets Cell Membrane Dynein Arms Central Singlets Microtubule Triplets Basal Body Basal Body, x.s.

16. Movement of Flagella Scanning E.M. of sperm on egg Corkscrew Movement (Pulls) Whipping Movement (Pushes) Water Water

17. Movement of Cilia Power Stroke Recovery Stroke Water Scanning E.M. of a ciliate

19. The Nucleus Nucleolus Pores Chromatin Threads (Chromosomes) Nuclear Envelope

21. Nucleus: Freeze Etched Scan Plasma Membrane Nucleus Nuclear Pores

22. Chromosomes Nucleoli Nucleus Cell Wall Chromosomes

24. Ribosomes

26. Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Unit Membrane Vesicles forming

27. Rough vs. Smooth ER: TEM Rough ER Smooth ER Ribosomes

29. The Golgi Complex Material Received From ER Material Destined for Export TEM

31. The Flow of Membrane Lysosome Destined for Export Golgi Endoplasmic Reticulum Destined for Golgi

33. Contractile Vacuoles 1 2 Paramecium sp. Expelling Water to Outside Expanded with Water

35. Plant Wilting & the Central Vacuole Vacuole (tonoplast) Cell Wall Cytoplasm Normal Plant Cell In Salt Water Space between Cell Wall and Cell Membrane Normal In Salt Water

37. The Mitochondrion Cristae Matrix Outer Membrane Inner Membrane

39. The Chloroplast Thylakoids Outer Membrane Inner Membrane One Granum Stroma

41. Plastids Double Bilipid Membrane Starch Granules

42. Generalized Prokaryote Capsule Cell Wall Plasma Membrane Cytosol Nucleoid DNA Flagellum Plasmid DNA

45. The end