1. 13.1 Charlemagne Unites13.1 Charlemagne Unites
Germanic KingdomsGermanic Kingdoms
Many Germanic kingdoms thatMany Germanic kingdoms that
succeeded the Roman Empire aresucceeded the Roman Empire are
reunited under Charlemagne’s empire.reunited under Charlemagne’s empire.
2. Invasions of Western EuropeInvasions of Western Europe
Effects of Constant Invasions and WarfareEffects of Constant Invasions and Warfare
Germanic invaders overrun western RomanGermanic invaders overrun western Roman
Empire in 400sEmpire in 400s
Fighting disrupts trade and government;Fighting disrupts trade and government;
people abandon citiespeople abandon cities
Marks the beginning of theMarks the beginning of the Middle AgesMiddle Ages——
period from 500 to 1500period from 500 to 1500
3. Invasions of Western EuropeInvasions of Western Europe
The Decline of LearningThe Decline of Learning
As cities are abandoned, level of learningAs cities are abandoned, level of learning
declinesdeclines
Knowledge of Greek language and culture isKnowledge of Greek language and culture is
almost completely lostalmost completely lost
4. Invasions of Western EuropeInvasions of Western Europe
Loss of a Common LanguageLoss of a Common Language
Introduction of German language changesIntroduction of German language changes
Latin; dialects developLatin; dialects develop
5. Germanic Kingdoms EmergeGermanic Kingdoms Emerge
Years of Upheaval Between 400 and 600Years of Upheaval Between 400 and 600
Germanic kingdoms replace Roman provincesGermanic kingdoms replace Roman provinces
Continual wars change borders betweenContinual wars change borders between
kingdomskingdoms
The Church provides order and securityThe Church provides order and security
6. Germanic Kingdoms EmergeGermanic Kingdoms Emerge
The Concept of Government ChangesThe Concept of Government Changes
Germans held together by family ties andGermans held together by family ties and
loyalty, not governmentloyalty, not government
Small communities are governed by unwrittenSmall communities are governed by unwritten
rules and traditionsrules and traditions
Germanic warriors pledge loyalty to theirGermanic warriors pledge loyalty to their
chief; live in lord’s hallchief; live in lord’s hall
7. Germanic Kingdoms EmergeGermanic Kingdoms Emerge
Clovis Rules the FranksClovis Rules the Franks
Germanic people called Franks hold power inGermanic people called Franks hold power in
Roman province of GaulRoman province of Gaul
Clovis, leader of the Franks, converts toClovis, leader of the Franks, converts to
Christianity in 496Christianity in 496
Leads warriors against other GermanicLeads warriors against other Germanic
armiesarmies
Unites Franks into one kingdom with Church’sUnites Franks into one kingdom with Church’s
help by 511help by 511
8. Germans Adopt ChristianityGermans Adopt Christianity
How the Church SpreadHow the Church Spread
Frankish rulers convert Germanic peoples toFrankish rulers convert Germanic peoples to
ChristianityChristianity
Missionaries travel to convert Germanic andMissionaries travel to convert Germanic and
Celtic groupsCeltic groups
9. Germans Adopt ChristianityGermans Adopt Christianity
Monasteries, Convents, and ManuscriptsMonasteries, Convents, and Manuscripts
Church builds monasteries—where monksChurch builds monasteries—where monks
live to study and serve Godlive to study and serve God
Italian monk, Benedict, writes rules thatItalian monk, Benedict, writes rules that
govern monastic lifegovern monastic life
His sister Scholastica adapts rules for nunsHis sister Scholastica adapts rules for nuns
living in conventsliving in convents
Monks establish schools, preserve learningMonks establish schools, preserve learning
through librariesthrough libraries
10. Germans Adopt ChristianityGermans Adopt Christianity
Papal Power Expands Under Gregory IPapal Power Expands Under Gregory I
In 590, Gregory I, also called Gregory the Great,In 590, Gregory I, also called Gregory the Great,
becomes popebecomes pope
Under Gregory, Church becomes secular—a politicalUnder Gregory, Church becomes secular—a political
powerpower
Pope’s palace becomes center of Roman governmentPope’s palace becomes center of Roman government
Uses Church money to raise armies, care for poor,Uses Church money to raise armies, care for poor,
negotiate treatiesnegotiate treaties
Establishes a Christendom—churchly kingdomEstablishes a Christendom—churchly kingdom
fanning out from Romefanning out from Rome
11.
12. An Empire EvolvesAn Empire Evolves
Europe’s KingdomsEurope’s Kingdoms
The Franks control largest and strongest ofThe Franks control largest and strongest of
Europe’s many kingdomsEurope’s many kingdoms
By 511, Frankish rule extends over what isBy 511, Frankish rule extends over what is
now Francenow France
13. An Empire EvolvesAn Empire Evolves
Charles Martel EmergesCharles Martel Emerges
Most powerful official in kingdom is majorMost powerful official in kingdom is major
domo—mayor of the palacedomo—mayor of the palace
In 719, major domo Charles Martel becomesIn 719, major domo Charles Martel becomes
more powerful than kingmore powerful than king
Defeats Muslims from Spain at Tours in 732;Defeats Muslims from Spain at Tours in 732;
becomes a Christian herobecomes a Christian hero
Son, Pepin, begins Carolingian Dynasty—Son, Pepin, begins Carolingian Dynasty—
family that ruled 751–987family that ruled 751–987
14. Charlemagne Becomes EmperorCharlemagne Becomes Emperor
From Pepin toFrom Pepin to
CharlemagneCharlemagne
Pepin dies in 768,Pepin dies in 768,
leaves kingdom to twoleaves kingdom to two
sons; in 771 one sonsons; in 771 one son
diesdies
Second son,Second son,
Charlemagne (CharlesCharlemagne (Charles
the Great), rulesthe Great), rules
kingdomkingdom
15. Charlemagne Becomes EmperorCharlemagne Becomes Emperor
Charlemagne Extends Frankish RuleCharlemagne Extends Frankish Rule
Charlemagne’s armies reunite westernCharlemagne’s armies reunite western
Europe, spread ChristianityEurope, spread Christianity
In 800, Charlemagne travels to Rome toIn 800, Charlemagne travels to Rome to
protect Pope Leo III from mobsprotect Pope Leo III from mobs
Pope crowns Charlemagne emperor; givesPope crowns Charlemagne emperor; gives
him title, “Roman Emperor”him title, “Roman Emperor”
Germanic power, Church, heritage of RomanGermanic power, Church, heritage of Roman
Empire now joined togetherEmpire now joined together
16. Charlemagne Becomes EmperorCharlemagne Becomes Emperor
Charlemagne Leads a RevivalCharlemagne Leads a Revival
Charlemagne limits nobles’ power byCharlemagne limits nobles’ power by
governing through royal agentsgoverning through royal agents
Encourages learning and orders monasteriesEncourages learning and orders monasteries
to open schoolsto open schools
17. Charlemagne Becomes EmperorCharlemagne Becomes Emperor
Charlemagne’s HeirsCharlemagne’s Heirs
Charlemagne dies in 814; his son, Louis the Pious,Charlemagne dies in 814; his son, Louis the Pious,
rules poorlyrules poorly
Louis’s three grandsons fight for control of empireLouis’s three grandsons fight for control of empire
In 843 they divide empire into three kingdoms; signIn 843 they divide empire into three kingdoms; sign
Treaty of VerdunTreaty of Verdun