anemia

1. SICKLE CELL
ANEMIA
Clinical Test

2. INTRODUCTION
• Is an inherited form of anemia - a
condition in which there aren't enough
healthy red blood cells to carry
adequate oxygen throughout your body.
• Normally, your red blood cells are
flexible and round, moving easily
through your blood vessels.

3. INTRODUCTION
• In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells
become rigid and sticky and are shaped
like sickles or crescent moons.
• These irregularly shaped cells can get
stuck in small blood vessels, which can
slow or block blood flow and oxygen to
parts of the body.

4. TYPES OF SICKLE CELL
ANEMIA:
HbSS: A person inherits two sickle cell
genes, one from each parent. They will
have sickle cell anemia, which is the most
severe type of sickle cell disease. Doctors
call it HbSS.
HbSC: A person inherits a sickle cell gene
from one parent. From the other parent,
they inherit a gene that results in another
type of abnormal hemoglobin. HbSC is
usually less severe than HbSS.

5. TYPES OF SICKLE CELL
ANEMIA:
HbS beta-thalassemia: A person inherits a
sickle cell gene from one parent and a
gene for beta-thalassemia, another type of
anemia, from the other.
Sickle cell trait: If a person has only one
sickle cell gene, they will not have sickle
cell disease, but they can pass that gene to
their children. A person with one faulty
gene has sickle cell trait.

6. Sickle cell disease is a genetic condition. A person can only have it
if they inherit one or more faulty genes from their biological
parents.
If a person has a faulty gene from just one parent, they will have
sickle cell trait but not sickle cell disease. If a person inherits a
faulty gene from each parent, they will have sickle cell disease.
CAUSES

7. CLINICAL FEATURES
While there are multiple types of SCD, they all
have similar symptoms, which vary in severity.
These include:
• Excessive fatigue or irritability, from anemia.
• Fussiness, in babies.
• bedwetting, from associated kidney
problems.
• Jaundice, which is yellowing of the eyes and
skin.
• swelling and pain in hands and feet.
• frequent infections.
• pain in the chest, back, arms, or legs.

8. LABORATORY FINDINGS:
Blood tests
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of
sickle cell disease include:
• Anemia
• High reticulocyte count (greater than 1.5%)
• Target cells and Howell-Jolly bodies on peripheral
blood smear.
• Abnormal hemoglobin forms on hemoglobin
electrophoresis (Sickle-cell hemoglobin (HgbS)
and hemoglobin C with sickling (HgbSC) are the
two most common forms).

9. If you do not know whether you make
sickle hemoglobin, you can find out by
having your blood tested. You may
also have a genetic test performed on
your blood.
Blood test and
genetic tests
Healthcare providers can also diagnose
sickle cell disease before a baby is born. This
is done using either a sample of amniotic
fluid, the liquid in the sac surrounding a
growing embryo, or a sample of tissue taken
from the placenta, the organ that attaches
the umbilical cord to the womb.
Prenatal screening
DIAGNOSIS:

10. In newborn screening programs, drops of blood
from a heel prick are collected on a special type of
paper. The hemoglobin from this blood is then
tested in a lab. Newborn screening results are sent
to the provider who ordered the test and to your
child’s healthcare provider.
Newborn screening
DIAGNOSIS:

11. Thank You
ANY QUESTION?

12. Medical Analysis
COURSE NAME : Clinical Test
STAGE : 3rd Stage
GROUP: B
LECTURER: Dr. Payman Anwer Rashid
DATE: 30/11/2022
PREPARED BY: Mustafa Frahd – Muhammad Emad
– Omer Kaify – Yousif Raad