BIT PROJECT

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Unique Online Shopping and Auction Website
ID: 000805763
Student: Myint Oo @ Amirul Hassan
Due Date: 24/04/2014
Word Count for report – 11962 (Excluding appendix – 2497)
Supervisor: MR FRANCIS MURPHY
June 2014
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the University of
Greenwich’s
[BSc (Hons) Business Information Technology]
COMP 1181 – Project (Information Systems & Multimedia)

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Acknowledgement
I would like to express my gratitude to KMD and UOG for providing me the possibility to complete
this project. I have furthermore to thank to Daw Wa Wa who gave me the valuable guidance and
suggestion on how to start the project.
I would also like to give my sincere gratitude and thanks to my supervisor, Mr. Francis Murphy who
kept offering me very precious advice, suggestions, encouragement and guidance from the start to the
end of the project.
I am deeply indebted to the general manager and some employees of Unique who helped me
analyzing their business. Without them, completion of this project will not be possible.
I also wish to extend my thanks to some people including my family who indirectly helped me
complete this project.

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Abstract
As web technologies are on the rise, websites are becoming a target to extend business for
companies. Unique wants to introduce its business to online uses to extend a new way of selling the
products and services. Before developing the website, it’s important to observe online market
situation, online purchasing process, ethical and legal issues to prevent the unwanted risks and make
the website more effective.
Unique project is to develop a dynamic website which will be able to be run with different
browsers such as Mozilla Firefox, Chrome, Opera, and Safari etc. Latest technology will be used to
develop the website. The website will include upload products, sells products, deliver products,
payment, online auction and bidding and produce reports. In order to manage the project
development, DSDM will be applied. UML will be applied to help DSDM to manage the project more
efficient. PHP will be used to create the website. The project report will contain 9 chapters which
covers everything about the project from the start to deliver the project.

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Table of Content
Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................................................2
Abstract....................................................................................................................................................3
Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................10
1.1.1 Background Information ........................................................................................................10
1.1.2 Why UNIQUE needs an online store (Problem Areas)..........................................................11
1.1.3 Scope of the project ..........................................................................................................11-12
1.1.4 Aims and Objectives ..............................................................................................................12
1.1.5 Short overview of Chapter 1...................................................................................................12
Chapter 2
2.1 Literature Review
2.1.1 Introduction on literature review........................................................................................14
2.1.2 Influence of online marketing on customers
2.1.2.1 Online purchasing processes.........................................................................................15
2.1.2.2 Online market research ............................................................................................15-16
2.1.2.3 Customer satisfaction and loyalty in the online market processes................................16
2.1.3 Current Issues in the online marketing..............................................................................16
2.1.3.1 e-CRM building successful customer relationships online...........................................16
2.1.3.2 Privacy, Security and Ethical Issues .............................................................................17
2.1.4 Guidelines for user interface design to be used ............................................................17-18
2.1.5 User Groups..........................................................................................................................19
2.1.6 Methodology to be used........................................................................................................20
2.1.6.1 SSADM.........................................................................................................................20

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2.1.6.2 Advantages and disadvantages of SSADM .............................................................20-21
2.1.6.3 DSDM...........................................................................................................................21
2.1.6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of DSDM.....................................................................22
2.1.6.5 Comparison of DSDM and SSADM.............................................................................23
2.1.6.6 Why I select DSDM......................................................................................................24
2.1.6.7 UML..............................................................................................................................24
2.1.6.8 Advantages and disadvantages of UML .......................................................................25
2.1.7 Techniques to be used ..........................................................................................................25
2.1.7.1 Use case diagram ..........................................................................................................25
2.1.7.2 Class diagram................................................................................................................25
2.1.8 Technology to be used ..........................................................................................................26
2.1.8.1 ASP.NET ......................................................................................................................26
2.1.8.2 PHP...............................................................................................................................26
2.1.8.3 Comparison of ASP.NET and PHP...............................................................................27
2.1.8.4 Why I select PHP..........................................................................................................28
2.1.8.5 Database (Oracle/MySQL) ...........................................................................................28
2.1.8.6 Comparison of Oracle and MySQL ..............................................................................29
2.1.8.7 Why I select MySQL ....................................................................................................29
2.1.9 Short overview of Chapter 2................................................................................................30
Chapter 3
3.1 Feasibility Study
3.1.1 Introduction on the appropriateness of using DSDM in the project ......................................32
3.1.2 Six filters of DSDM...........................................................................................................32-33
3.1.3 Short overview of Chapter 3...................................................................................................33

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Chapter 4
4.1 Foundation
4.1.1 Introduction on how requirements captured...........................................................................35
4.1.2 Analysis on similar online shopping and auction websites
4.1.2.1 Evaluating the three selected websites with the selected guidelines........................35-40
4.1.3 Why checklist.........................................................................................................................40
4.1.4 Accessibility and Usability Checklist of three selected websites...........................................41
4.1.5 Evaluation of checklist ...........................................................................................................41
4.1.6 Interviewing with responsible employees working in Unique ...............................................42
4.1.7 Short overview of chapter 4 ...................................................................................................42
Chapter 5
5.1 Exploration
5.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................44
5.1.2 Low fidelity prototypes ..........................................................................................................44
5.1.3 Evaluation of low fidelity prototype.......................................................................................45
5.1.4 Functional and Non functional requirements ....................................................................45-47
5.1.5 Use Case diagram..............................................................................................................47-48
5.1.6 Class diagram .........................................................................................................................49
Chapter 6
6.1 Engineering
6.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................51
6.1.2 How database will be created.................................................................................................51

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Chapter 7
7.1 Deployment
7.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................53
7.1.2 Change/Add/New features......................................................................................................53
7.1.3 Time box.................................................................................................................................54
7.1.4 High fidelity prototypes..........................................................................................................55
7.1.5 Evaluating the developed website with guidelines and standards.....................................55-56
7.1.6 Evaluation of high fidelity prototypes....................................................................................56
7.1.7 Accessibility and usability checklist.......................................................................................57
7.1.8 Evaluation of checklist ...........................................................................................................57
Chapter 8
8. 1 Testing and Evaluation
8.1.1 Test plan .................................................................................................................................59
8.1.2 Black box................................................................................................................................59
8.1.2.1 Explanation of criteria used for testing.........................................................................60
8.1.2.2 Unit and Integration testing......................................................................................60-61
Chapter 9
9.1 Overall Conclusions.......................................................................................................................63
9.1.1 Achievements .........................................................................................................................63
9.1.2 Extent to which aims were met ..............................................................................................63
9.1.3 Critical Evaluation of Project.................................................................................................64
9.1.4 Future Development...............................................................................................................64

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9.1.5 What I learn from this project ................................................................................................65
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………66-67
Appendix
I. Project proposal…………………………………………………………..…69-71
II. Project plan…………………………………………………………………...…72
III. Interviews………………………………………………………………….…73-75
IV. Prototypes………….……………………………………………………..….76-80
V. Use case descriptions……………………………………………………...…81-84
VI. Test cases…………………………………………………………………......85-90

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1.1 Introduction
As Myanmar is a developing country, IT businesses are also increasing day by day. So,
companies are competing with each other by offering better services to customers. Many companies
are trying to extend their business through online as people who use the internet have significantly
increased in recent years. UNIQUE is one of them that want to persuade the customers to buy the
products via online as it’s a flexible way of shopping.
1.1.1 Background Information
UNIQUE Mobile and Computer Sale & Service Company is one of the most popular IT
companies in Myanmar. The company was set out in 2014 with a view to provide satisfactory sales
services and other services such as second-hand products in Myanmar. It is the first company in
Myanmar which started providing free lifetime services to all UNIQUE customers in Myanmar.
Because of which it has already gain customer trust and huge reputation of offering satisfactory sales
and services. UNIQUE’s motto is “Customer’s satisfaction is our first priority”. It’s a medium sized
company which has three branches in Yangon. The Company is running manually with 40 staffs. Its
main office is located at Pansondan Street (Upper Block) in Kyauktada Township, Myanmar.
The company is well-decorated and all the products are well-placed with each brand name
and category. Products menus are also available from which customers can choose the products
easily by using them. Second-hand products are not displayed at the company. It makes sellers and
buyers together for second-products services. It takes 10% commission on second-hand products. As
mobile technology is increasing day by day, people from all level are willing to buy smart phones,
tablets etc for their daily needs. So, UNIQUE is the only place where people’s intentions are because
of its lifetime services and warm communication.
UNIQUE wants to broaden its business through online to promote sales in nationwide. It will
provide ease and comfort to not only its regular customers but also remote customers in rural places to
buy products from online. So, it could gain broad customer base and improve sales rate by converting
manual sales system into online sales system.

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1.1.2 Why UNIQUE needs an online store
Presently, UNIQUE is running all its transactions manually. The records are kept using paper
based system. So, it is hard to find the specific record in time and the more the records are, the more
the places are needed. As it has three branches, each branch records the data in its own format and
style. Because of keeping records in different format, data are not consistent and difficult to
understand when monthly income and expense are calculated for all UNIQUE branches.
With the current way of doing business, it is hard to know which products are best selling and
which orders are best made, which customers buy most. It takes time to let customers know the new
and latest products as it has to advertise them through newspaper or magazines. Customers don’t
know which products are available and which are not at UNIQUE. The company is facing many
difficulties to offer satisfactory second-hand products services because more employees have to be
appointed to record the related information and fails to show the digital photos of the second-hand
products etc. As its branches are located only in Yangon, the remote customers in nationwide don’t
have a chance to buy the products. It can’t provide 24 hour services and sales owing to the highest
overtime labor cost and other expenses. So, it fails to offer 24 hour services to customers.
The above are the reasons why UNIQUE wants to have an online store. After developing the
project, customers can shop in the comfort of their home without going to the Unique centers and can
save time and compare prices to website to website.
1.1.3 Scope of the project
The project will be a dynamic website which allows customers to buy the products, bid an
auction through the internet using a web browser. There will be four key sections in the website.
1. Online sale
2. Payment
3. Online Auction
4. Different kind of reports on products
Online Sale
Customers can select various products with different sizes, color and prices based on
categories. If they want to buy the products, they have to register first. The bought products must be
added to the shopping cart and can be reviewed once again after they are bought from the cart.

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Payment
In order to check out, they have to select a payment method such as cash on delivery. After
the check out process is finished, a successful message is displayed attached to customers address and
the types of products they have bought.
Online Auction
The website will let members to list their products up for auction. It doesn’t have the products
in stock and doesn’t send the products. In order to upload products for auction, auctioneer must first
register at the website. Likewise, bidders must also register with shipping address on the website to
bid an auction. A bidder can’t bid twice at one time. The name of the bidders will always be shown as
soon as they have bid at the bidding page. The last bidder will be shown with name and bid amount at
the specified date. Auctioneers can also see how many products they have uploaded for auction
monthly at their profile page.
Different kind of reports on products
The website can show different kind of reports such as daily reports, monthly reports and
yearly reports. It also shows which products are best selling and best ordered.
1.1.4 Aim and Objective
The main aim of the project is to develop a successful and effective website for UNIQUE so
that requirement must be properly identified. In order to get user satisfaction, usability and
accessibility issues should be considered first before developing the system. As a good system, it
should be maintainable and extendable which means functions depending on the need of business can
be inserted and repaired after development.
1.1.5 Short overview of Chapter 1
In this first chapter, firstly, a little introduction on how companies including UNIQUE in
Myanmar are willing to extend their business via online is discussed. Secondly, the background
information of UNIQUE is clearly discussed so that the current business operations and its market
position can be learned and analyzed. Thirdly, it is discussed that the difficulties which UNIQUE is
facing and why it needs an online store. Fourthly, scope of the project is discussed in separate sections
with clear explanations of functions which will be included in the proposed website of UNIQUE.
Eventually, aims are objectives are explained in order to develop a successful website.

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2.1 Literature Review
2.1.1 Introduction on literature review
Before developing an online shopping and auction website for Unique, it’s important to make
a review of online marketing on customers, deals with business perspectives and present issues and
risks in online marketing and factors affecting adoption of online marketing. Only then, Unique can
prevent unexpected risks and problems. What’s more the business will become more effective and can
get return on invest within short period of time. The detail about online marketing is discussed in the
following sections.
In order to make a successful project, planning and analyzing the requirements is the most
important. Without a plan, the project can’t meet its requirements and finish on time. Then
methodology must be selected to manage the project more effectively within development period.
Jason emphasizes that: "Adopting an incorrect methodology or having no project framework
in place can very easily cause to have:
Schedule slippages
Miscommunication within the team
Wasting of time on administrative tasks that have no purpose
Reliance on technical wizardry to get projects done
Project management burnout”
So, the right methodology should be chosen. Otherwise, the whole project would be a
complete waste of time. Finally, tools and techniques need to be chosen as they help the development
process more smoother and selected methodology more efficient. Choosing guidelines for the user
interface design is essential because only good interface can attract online customers and make them
pleased to browse the website. The following will be discussed in detail of methodology, tools,
techniques and guideline.

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2.1.2 Influence of online marketing on customers
2.1.2.1 Online purchasing processes
It’s widely researched that many Myanmar online users browse the shopping websites but
only fewer users become real buyers. So, Unique should try to think about it before converting into
online store. In order to make its business more effective online, Unique should observe why online
customers hesitate to buy, why they leave from add to cart process and stop the buying process in the
middle. The following are my assumption on how to turn online users into buyers and Unique regular
customers.
Why online users are reluctant to buy may be for remote delivery cost, lack of specific and
required buying information, difficulties after purchasing such as repayment and late delivery,
security issues, different unexpected problems such as financial, psychological risks. Why online
users leave the buying process is too technical such as unexpected delivery cost or complicated
functions. Some online users would like to buy from online in standard, but various difficulties such
as technical issues, inadequate systems make them confused.
No matter how difficult the situation is, marketers shouldn’t lose hope for the future. Even
though the understandings of customers concerning the shopping via the web are decreased, the
environment can still provide high probability for the chosen customer segments.
It’s found in the studies that online users who find relevant product information by using the
web usually have strong purpose to buy online. In Myanmar, making payment online is not very
popular and many people are afraid of making payment online in a thought that they won’t get their
ordered products and there are no guarantees for it. They would like to make payment after they get
the products.
2.1.2.2 Online market research
As the technology is on the rise, Unique has many chances to carry out marketing research in
a short span of time in order to know what the real needs of online customers through online survey
form, feedback, online forum and many more. Only then Unique can gratify its online customer
needs.
Not only the Unique company but also the customers can benefit from these techniques that
the business can provide up to minute information about products and get more information from
customers and customers can tell what they require and ask for the specific information about

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products they would like to know. In this way, the Unique and its customers can have a strong
relationship.
2.1.2.3 Customer satisfaction and loyalty in the online market processes
As Unique Company would like to stay for long on the web field, it’s very important for it to
invest in customer satisfaction from the online and make the site loyalty. Two ways to persuade
loyalty into customers in an online context are paying attention on actual factors and personalizing
efforts and increasing the social value of online experiences. The first way is e.g. making a user
centered design and well-design online shopping website and provides secure functions are the main
reasons of getting customer satisfaction but it’s impossible that every customer who has satisfaction
for the online store doesn’t become loyal. The second way is e.g. building strong relationship with
customers. It’s very crucial for the success of a business or company because these are the people
where money comes from.
According to some studies, custom-made websites and customer communities are very
important for the customer relationship mainly for skilled online users. In addition, the company can
build customer trust and boost the apparent value of online store which can convert their satisfaction
into loyalty in the e-marketing environment, too.
2.1.3 Current Issues in the online marketing
2.1.3.1 e-CRM building successful customer relationships online
The success of Unique website relies on having the right information about customers to let
them know which products and services are available at what time etc. As Unique is going to provide
online services, it needs to collect personal information of all its customers and non-customers so that
they can know which kind of services should extend and let them know about the new products and
up to minute information of their business individually which is the most essential requirement of
CRM plan. In this way, Unique can easily build and maintain strong relationship with customers
online. It can provide loads of advantages to Unique if it develops online CRM system such as
making customer relationship strong, reducing the cost of customer services etc.

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2.1.3.2 Privacy, Security and Ethical issues
As the internet is a free flow of communications, Ethical, privacy and security issues become
the most important factors to consider. Recently, Myanmar government has taken a step to develop
legal imposition and laws for IT but the risks and concerns of ethics, privacy and security are left as
other most important factors which stop online users from shopping online.
Privacy Issues - It’s a one of the biggest problems of online stores indicating unauthorized access,
sending and receiving personal information etc. Marketers might use the power of technology for
illegal purposes to develop the progress of market and response mechanisms. So, measuring useful
use of data sources with the privacy rights of person has become a huge policy issues today. Many
guidelines and principles are available to get customer’s trust which can keep them secure from
security and privacy issues. There is a principle called FTC is in relation to warning customers
beforehand in collecting information, offering them an opportunity to make a decision how the data
should be used and many more.
Security Issues – As Unique has to collect personal information of customers to inform them about
its business, it has the sole responsibility to keep their personal information secure. Rival companies
may attack the personal information to degrade the reputation of Unique. So, Unique should focus on
security issues.
Ethical Issues – DPA, Data Protection Act should be applied to process the personal information of
customers as it has eight principles which cover how the information should be shared to third party
organizations if required, how the permission should be asked from the customers to share their
information, how information should be kept etc.
Unique should adopt new protection technologies for the security of their customers even if
it’s costly and hard to use because once customers know that their personal information are abused,
they might lose trust and relationship with Unique.
2.1.4 Guideline for user interface to be used
As the web technology is improving day by day, people from different places are using
websites for different purposes with different devices. The websites should provide equal access to all
people. Unique website should be realistic and understandable for almost all kind of customers. So, it
must be built based on appropriate guidelines and standards. There are a lot of guidelines for websites
to improve usability, accessibility, visibility, security and many more. W3C standards and Nielsen are
two of them. W3C and Nielsen will be used to develop Unique website because W3C is mainly

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focused accessibility and Nielson for usability. The below are some standards and guidelines of W3C
and Nielson which will help make Unique website better. These are the reasons why I selected these
guidelines and standards.
The following are some guidelines of Nielson
1. Provide emergency exit (for example, if users do an action by mistake, they should be
provided access to the home page with one click such as home link)
2. Provide user control and standard (for example, the users shouldn’t be wonder for the same
words “ Home” “ Home Page”)
3. Provide help and documentation
4. Ensuring that layout and content is well-structured and consistent.
5. Making sure that use of standard font and size
There are many set of Nielson’s guidelines approximately 31 guidelines but only the above 5
guidelines will be applied to develop new interface design because they are mainly used by
developers around the world. These are very fundamental for developing a website and they have
mainly suggested the main necessities that a good website should have.
W3C stands for World Wide Web Consortium. It tells the main part of what makes a good website. It
says
(The below are some standards of W3C which will be used for accessibility to develop Unique
website)
1. The website provide clear navigation and sitemap
2. Ensuring that the whole site is not replying on colour
3. Making sure that it provide user control ( For example, play and stop buttons for the moving
texts and graphics)
There are many W3C standards and versions but only above 3 will be used because these three
standards are very important for a good website. Without these, the website will be difficult to use.
The other standards are also important but without them, the website will have not much accessibility
problems.
In my opinion, these two guidelines will be best suited to develop Unique website because
they suggest the main necessities of the websites for example accessibility, usability, user freedom,
consistent and standard. Without them the websites are incomplete. I don’t think other guideline will
be very appropriate because they have a few set of guidelines.

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2.1.5 User Group
There will be three types of users who will use Unique website. Depending on the type of users, their
need of information will be different. The types of users are as follow
Customer (Newly registered)
It is assumed that customer users will be young and old people. Their need of information will be
different from others. The information they will need are as follow
- New products
- Service
- Delivery type
- Promotion
- Payment information
- Contact information
Members (Bidders)
It’s assumed that bidder users will be all ages such as young and old. Their need of information will
be different from customer and other users. The following information what they will need are
- Item types
- Minimum price
- Owner information
- Specified date
- Winner information
Members (Auctioneers)
It’s assumed that auctioneer users will be all ages such as young and old. Their need of information
will be different from bidder and other users. The information they may need are shown below
- Commission
- Bidders information
- Auction type

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2.1.6 Methodology to be used
As the methodology offers a standard and guidelines to make sure that project is conducted in
a well-managed and reliable manner which not only increases the quality of the product and result but
also finish it on time. So, a methodology will be applied for Unique project development. There are
many methodologies for project management but I will pick two widely used methodologies called
SSADM and DSDM for Unique project. First of all, it will be explained what SSADM and DSDM
are. Secondly, it will be discussed the advantages and disadvantages of using these methodologies.
Thirdly, comparison between them will be made. Fourthly, it will be explained why I selected one,
DSDM for the two attached logical reasons.
SSADM (Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method)
It’s a widely used methodology which is generally used for government computing projects.
This methodology is suitable for the large-scale projects. It offers users clear and simply
understandable documentation including different diagrammatic representations of the system.
SSADM divides project into modules, tasks, steps and stages. Data model is the primary model of
SSADM. SSADM techniques are logical data modeling, data flow modeling and entity behavior
modeling. SSADM has seven stages to cover the entire system analysis and design process. These
seven stages are Feasibility, Investigation, Business system option, defining requirements, technical
system option, logical design and physical design.
Advantages of using SSADM
SSADM helps to meet all user requirements and finish on time so that the project can be
delivered on time to the customers. The three techniques of SSADM such as logical data modeling,
data flow modeling, entity event modeling improve quality and flexibility of the project as it focus on
the performance of data and information system viability. Unlike DSDM, developers have much
freedom and liberty due to the lack of user involvement during the project development.

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Disadvantages of using SSADM
As SSADM focus on the analysis and its documentation, the risk of over-analyzing can be
caused which takes time and late delivery. Because of the different kind of description methods,
consistent checks can’t be performed. The outline diagram for larger systems can’t be clear due to
related data flows which must be contained.
If every stage of SSADM thoroughly is followed, it can be time consuming and may cause
delay between start and delivery (Which is normally for the first time users who see the working
system). SSADM doesn’t allow iteration. Once an error occurred in the middle of the developing
system, the development process must be started from the beginning. If development time takes
longer, users will not be satisfied at the time of delivery.
DSDM (Dynamic Systems Development Method)
DSDM is an agile project framework focusing on delivering business solutions rapidly and
efficiently rather than team activity. It comes from Rapid Application Development, RAD supported
by its user involvement in an iterative development and incremental approach which responds
positively to the need for change to develop a system. So, the system not only meets the requirements
of business but also finishes on time and budget.
It creates steps to make sure that the feasibility and business sense of a project before it’s
started. Prototype is widely used to ensure all interested parties get the clear understanding of all
aspects of the system. DSDM has become a well known framework as it can solve complex tasks and
support iteration during the development process. It can be developed for both agile and traditional
development processes. There are four techniques used in DSDM are Tim boxing, Moscow,
Prototyping and workshop.

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The DSDM development process is shown in the following figure
Figure – 1
Advantages of using DSDM
As users and all parties related to the business involve in the project development, the system
will meet all the business requirements. With the use of time boxing technique, project can be
delivered within specified time. Data will be gathered by using workshop to develop the system so
that the risk of building wrong system will become less. The gathered requirements will be prioritized
with the help of MosCow techniques so that the system will not fail as key functions will be
implemented first. Prototyping will be used to make users understand the complete aspects of the
system so that users can provide feedback and ask for the urgent needs to improve their business.
Disadvantages of using DSDM
DSDM is only suitable for smaller projects. If the project is large, not all part of the project
will be able to use DSDM. Business users don’t have technical knowledge or skills which can effect
on developer’s time by explaining everything happening in the development process.

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Comparison between DSDM (Agile) and SSADM (Traditional)
The following table is referenced from
Volkan G¨ unal (2012) Agile Software Development Approaches and Their History. [Online].
Available at: https://sewiki.iai.uni-bonn.de/_media/teaching/labs/xp/2012b/seminar/1-agile.pdf
(Accessed: 15 December 2013).
Criteria DSDM (Agile) SSADM (Traditional)
Approach Adaptive Predictive
Iterative Yes No
Project Size Small Large
Emphasize People-oriented Process-oriented
Team Size Small Large
Need of resources Less More
Based on the above table and my current knowledge of DSDM and SSADM, I could say that DSDM
(Agile method) is more realistic and effective and exciting because of the team work and continuous
communication with clear minds to develop projects.
The following studies on the cost and benefits were collected by the data and analysis center and
software development researchers in Israel.
The following tables are referenced from
Dr. David F. Rico, PMP, CSM (n.d.) WHAT IS THE ROI OF AGILE VS. TRADITIONAL
METHODS? [Online]. Available at: http://davidfrico.com/rico08b.pdf (Accessed: 15 December
2013).
Figure – 2

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By studying the above two tables on cost and benefits, it’s obvious that the use of DSDM in the
project development (Agile method) can provide quick delivery and user satisfaction. So, DSDM
should be used if the project is not big enough.
Why I select DSDM for my project
Why I have selected DSDM is that the scope of Unique project is not big and DSDM is
suitable for smaller project. If anything is wrong within development process, they can be easily
maintained unlike other methodologies. With the help of using DSDM, all business requirements will
include in the Unique website and the project can be delivered on time.
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
UML is not a process but a modeling language itself with its notation and syntax which is
used with other methodology to develop the project more effectively. It has 14 types of diagrams
which are divided into two categories called structural and behavioral. The following diagrams can be
categorized hierarchically.
Figure – 3
According to Sinan Si Alhir (1998) “the capturing, communicating and leveraging of
strategic, tactical and operational knowledge to facilitate increasing value by increasing quality,
reducing costs and reducing time-to-market while managing risks and being proactive in regard to
ever-increasing change and complexity.

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Advantages of using UML
UML is the most efficient technique of visualizing the system design. It’s not dependent on
other programming language. It’s not compulsory that all UML diagrams are used with the selected
methodology for project development. The correct decision can be made before provided poorly
written code. Almost all problems can be known before starting the development process.
Disadvantages of using UML
UML doesn’t have a standard file format and no specification of modeling of user interfaces.
It’s large and complex including other different concepts and inaccurate semantics. It’s very difficult
to synchronize code with model. Different models and diagrams of UML can make it complicated to
keep them constant with each other and the code added by hand.
2.1.7 Techniques to be used
Techniques are used to describe how to gather information, communicate and normally get
things done effectively and efficiently. It also helps the selected methodology. There are 14 types of
UML diagrams from which only 2 types of diagrams called use case diagram and class diagram will
be used to analyze the system. The following are the reasons why they will be applied for project
development.
Use Case Diagram
Out of all UML diagrams, use case is the most effective and powerful diagram to analyze user
requirements. Use case offers clear visibility into the system. It shows the interaction of the system
with its users and some connections between internal system operations, even though at a high level
of abstraction. So, users can have a clear understanding of the proposed system.
Use case diagram are widely used by many analysts around the world to represent and
communicate a joint understanding of scope of the project.
Class Diagram
Using class diagram, overview of the proposed system can easily be known as it shows the
objects and classes inside the system and the relationships between them. It can also be know that
which methods are needed to add in the proposed system.

26
2.1.8 Technology to be used
As the growth of technology today, different technologies such as various programming
languages and databases are available. In order to develop Unique website, it’s very important to
choose the right technology for the success and effectiveness of the website development.
Firstly, different types of programming languages such as ASP.Net, PHP will be discussed.
Secondly, various sorts of databases such as Oracle, MySQL will be discussed. Thirdly, comparison
of various programming languages and databases will be discussed. Finally, the selection of
programming language and database including the reason why I choose them will be explained.
Different types of Programming Language
ASP.NET (Active Server Pages.NET)
ASP. NET is a server side framework to develop websites. It is widely used by 20% of all the
websites worldwide. It’s solely server side technology. Using ASP.Net, websites can be developed
with a minimum of coding. It’s compatible with different platform such as Microsoft Visual Basic,
C#, Jscript.Net etc. It makes deployment easy. It offers complete support for CSS, XML and many
other web standards. It also supports object oriented programming. Developers can classify their own
set of controls because of its use of flexibility. So, it can be said that ASP.NET is an effective and
lucrative platform to build the websites.
PHP (Personal Home Page)
PHP is the most well-known scripting language for enhancing web pages. It’s open source
and has thousands of programming functions to facilitate any tasks. It can be used on almost all
platforms such as Windows, Mac OS X, RISC OS, Linux and many others. It also supports for nearly
all web servers used today such as Apache, IIS etc. It’s also very suitable with MySQL database
which will be used to develop Unique website.

27
Comparison of ASP.NET and PHP
The following comparison table is taken from
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/102854/PHP-and-ASP-NET-A-Feature-List [Accessed on 21
December 2013]. The original table contains 30 criteria but I selected 7 criteria from them which I
believe to be true. It’s just waste of time to make a complete list. So, I took the key criteria only.
Criteria ASP.NET PHP
Price ASP.NET - .NET
Framework is free. So ASP.NET
also free
Web Server – IIS – Not
Free. OS cost applicable
OS – Windows Server –
Not Free
PHP – Free
Web Server – Free
OS – Linux is free,
Windows is costly
Cross Platform Yes Yes
Mode of source Closed Source Open Source
Developer Help Community Community
Languages C#
VB.NET
Jscript, etc.
PHP
Security IIS must be improved
from the past and now a days it
is one of the secure web servers
Major web servers are
secure
Performance Faster Faster for small
programs and slower for
medium-to-big programs

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Why I select PHP
Due to time limit and specified time to develop the website, it’s easier to learn and quicker to
create a website with PHP compared to ASP.NET. It is open source and works on almost all operating
systems. Many resources and references are available on the internet where I can have help for
Unique project development because PHP has large communities worldwide. Unlike ASP.NET, Error
handling can be performed greatly and easily and error descriptions and messages are cleared
explained. PHP can be run on free web servers such as Linux and Apache while ASP needs paid IIS
on windows to be run.
Database
Without database, there’s no website. So, I need a good database to create the website. There
are many databases available such as Oracle, MySQL and many more. I will pick up the right one
which is suitable with the selected programming language after making some comparison with other
databases.
First of all, different types of databases will be discussed. Secondly, comparisons between
them will be made. Finally, choosing the right database from them with reasonable reasons will be
explained.
Oracle
Oracle is a broadly used database which has the higher feature set. It runs on variety of
hardware and well-known platforms such as Unix, Linux, Mac OS and Windows. It not only offers
best performance, tight security for data in databases and good administration but also saves storage
cost, server cost and unnecessary service for high-availability. It also includes a different
critical function which works efficiently with large amount of data.
MySQL
MySQL is a very well-known and powerful open source database and data storage
system. It provides huge consistency and ease of use. It can be used for free and comes with
free documentation. Information and data can be retrieved quickly and easily and used by
multiple website users at the same time. Developers or programmers worldwide share their
code which relates to communicating with MySQL database. It’s a best choice for PHP, the
selected programming language to develop Unique website because it facilitates to connect to
and manage MySQL database.

29
Comparison of Oracle and MySQL
The following table is taken
https://www.udemy.com/blog/oracle-vs-mysql-vs-sql-server/ [Accessed on 21 December
2013].
Criteria or Features Oracle MySQL
Security Security features
included
Security features
included
Price High Cheap
Language support C, C#, C++, Java,
Ruby, and Objective C
C, C#, C++, D, Java,
Ruby, and Objective C
Interface GUI, SQL SQL
Platform Windows, Linux,
Solaris, HP-UX, OS X, z/OS,
AIX
Windows, Linux, OS
X, FreeBSD, Solaris
Licensing Proprietary Ope
n source
By seeing the above table, it’s obvious that MySQL has many good points compared to
Oracle. So, I will use MySQL database as it’s highly compatible with PHP.
Why I select MySQL database
MySQL is so easy enough to build and interact with it with just a few simple SQL
statements. It contains data security layers that prevent intruders from accessing the sensitive
data. So, developers don’t have to worry about data security. It is allowed for free and
provides all features which are needed by many web developers and programmers.
Developers can handle large amount of data with MySQL database and extend theoretical
limit of 8TB of data. It runs on multiple operating systems. These are the key reasons why I
select it for Unique website development.

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2.1.9 Short overview of chapter 2
First of all, literature review on the effectiveness of online marketing on Unique
online business and the risk of online marketing and many more are clearly discussed
including the real business examples of Unique. Deep analysis on different methodologies,
techniques and database are discussed. Then comparisons of various methodologies,
techniques and databases including clear explanation and tables are shown.
Finally, based on my current knowledge and information and data, it’s described how
the right methodology, technique and database are chosen to develop Unique website with the
strong reasons.

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3.1 Feasibility Study
3.1.1 Introduction on the appropriateness of using DSDM in the project
The Unique project is specified to finish within six months. So, DSDM is the most
appropriate to manage project development as time boxing must be specified before starting the
project which helps project finish on time. It’s not suitable for large and complex projects. It can be
checked that if DSDM is the right methodology for Unique project based on the following six
suitability filters of DSDM. The below six filters are referenced from Stapleton (1997).
3.1.2 Six filters of DSDM
"Will the functionality be visible at the user interface?"
Yes. All the functions which will contain are not complex and be the same as other similar online
shopping and auction websites. So that user interface will be visible with simple and clear functions.
"Can all classes of end users be identified clearly?"
Yes. Some employees working at Unique and its customers will involve in the project development.
But out of them, only a specific effective group should be clearly identified in order to work with
developers to make the project meet all business requirements.
"Is the website computationally complex?"
No. As Unique website is an online commercial website, it won’t include complex features and
functions.
"Is the website potentially large? If it is, can it be split into smaller functional components?"
Yes. As two sub systems called online shopping and auction are going to be developed for Unique,
the system will be larger and have several functions and features which will be split into sub functions
which facilitate the development and delivery processes.

33
"Is the project really time constrained?"
Yes. As UOG provides me six months to develop the project, it must be finished within the specified
time. So, it is time constrained.
"Are the requirements flexible and only specified at a high level?"
Yes. High level requirements are specified by the company because the website may become useless
if a high level requirement is left. Low level requirements can be made changes depending on the
needs of the business.
It’s clearly described that whether DSDM is appropriate to develop Unique project or not
which is done by using six filters of Stapleton (1997) including the reasonable reasons and examples.
After doing the above way, it has come out that DSDM is the right methodology to manage Unique
project. Analysis for the development of Unique project will be discussed in the following chapter in
details.

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4.1 Foundation
4.1.1 Introduction on how requirements captured
As DSDM is chosen for Unique project, the four DSDM techniques and some other
requirement gathering methods such as interview will be used to capture the user requirements to
develop the system. First of all, research on three most popular similar websites will be made to get
the idea and way of building the website for Unique with good necessities. Then evaluation of similar
websites with selected guidelines and standards will be performed in order to improve usability and
accessibility issues for the proposed website. A checklist will be used to get user preferences of the
three existing websites. Only then user’s need of the proposed system will easily be known and
known.
With the help of DSDM techniques and other techniques, Workshop and interview will be
used for collecting required information from the end users and Unique employees to process
requirement specification.
4.1.2 Analysis on similar online shopping and auction websites
The first website (Online shopping website)
https://www.zawgyimart.com/ [Accessed on 1 January 2014]
Figure – 4

36
4.1.2.1 Evaluation of these three website with selected guidelines and standards
The above website is going to be evaluated with Nielson guideline first then W3C standards.
Without usability and accessibility issues, a website can’t be fast and ease of use. So, it’s very
important to consider for usability and accessibility issues before building a website. As I explained at
the section of guideline to be used, Nielson will be used for usability as it’s one of the key aspects for
building good websites. Then W3standards will be used for accessibility as it’s the main mechanism
for websites. Similarly, the second and third websites will be done the same.
Provide help documentation (Nielson Guideline)
The website contains help documentation which is written in both simple English and Myanmar so
that users can’t have difficulties to use. Help documentation is categorized into different sections so
that users can easily find the specific help they need while using it.
Having Emergency Exit (Nielson Guideline)
When using the websites, users may reach at the unknown pages with wrong click and they want to go
back to home page. If there’s no link to go home page, they tend to leave the website and go
somewhere else. Nielson suggest that “There should be a clearly marked “emergency exit” to leave
the unwanted page without having to go through an extended dialogue.” The website provides
emergency exit by putting its logo at every page which is linked to the home page. So, with just one
click on its logo, users can go to the homepage again.
Layout and Content (Nielson Guideline)
The layout of content of the website is well-structured. Because of its limited content, the website can
attract and stay users to use it. But needing to scroll down to see the products can make users
disappointed because many users don’t like to do it.
Use of Font and Size (Nielson Guideline)
Different types of fonts with different sizes used at different pages of the website can annoy users to
their sight. Especially it’s not suitable for elderly people.
Provide navigation and sitemap (W3C Standards)
The navigation bar is well-placed and no blank links on it which makes user annoyed. The search box
on the navigation makes it more attractive and users find their specific products easily. The website
has sitemap which is categorized into three different types; products sitemaps to find specific
products, category sitemap to search the products using each category, to find the products with
brand name e.g. Apple, Samsung etc. So, users can get everything from one place, sitemap.

37
Provide user control (W3C Standards)
There’s no moving objects used at the website. The website provides full user control when viewing
the products with zoon tool at the Buy it now page.
Replying on Color (W3C Guideline)
The website is not dependent on color. The white background with black fonts is used for all pages
which is suitable for all users with different ages such as young, old, user with disabilities.
The second website (Online shopping website)
http://www.yangononlinestore.com/ [Accessed on 9 January 2014]
Figure – 5

38
Even if the help link is put at the footer of the website, there’s no help information in it. It not only
can make users annoyed and disappointed but also decrease the trust of the website.
The website offers emergency exit by putting home link at every page. So users can go to home page
by clicking on it.
The layout of the content is not very well-structured. The way things are arranged on the home page is
not consistent and can’t get user attention. Rather than putting some important information at the top,
they are put at the bottom of the website.
A well-recommended web font called Time New Roman is used throughout the website. Same font
size is used for all pages. So, the website can provide full accessibility to all users.
Unlike other websites, users may be lost and confused as soon as they see the home page because
there’s no navigation bar at the home page but sub navigation. Sitemap is not included as well.
The website doesn’t provide user control e. g there’s no pause button for the moving pictures of
products at home page. This will be a biggest issue for users with disabilities.
Like the first website, the white background is used throughout the whole website. The font color
used is also appropriate for all users. So, it can be said that it’s not replying on color.

39
The third website (Online Auction Website)
https://www.jeetle.in/ [Accessed on 12 January 2014]
Figure – 6
Help documentation as well as some important tip to win the products are clearly written attached
required images under separate headlines so that users can have easy understanding and will be able
to bid and post for auctions.
The logo put at the left side of the banner at every page of the website is linked to the home page as an
emergency exit. So, wherever the users are, they can easily go back to home page with just one click
on the logo.
Even if the layouts of contents are well-placed, there are many moving texts and images used for
products which make users dissatisfied. Some users don’t like to see much information at the home
page. These types of users can leave this website because of too much information.

40
There’s no standard way using fonts at this website. Various types of fonts are used with different
color and size which is completely against for users with disabilities.
Like other popular websites, key navigation bar is well-positioned under the logo which doesn’t
contain many navigation tabs. Each navigation tab has many sub navigations which can help users
find their specific needs of things at website.
The website provides full user control for the moving texts and images of products by just putting
cursor on them. So, there will be no issues for user with visual impairment.
Like the above two website, the website uses white background as a whole. The use of font color and
background color are very suitable. So, it doesn’t rely on color.
4.1.3 Why checklist
Based on the selected guidelines and standards, the following checklist is drawn which will be used to
check the selected websites. The main reason to draw the following checklist is to investigate the
existing issues of the website and fix and improve them in the proposed website.

41
4.1.4 Accessibility and Usability Checklist of the three websites
Remark: These ratings are given by end users.
Criteria Rating
Accessibility Website-1 Website-2 Website-3
Readable font size 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Color suitable for user with
disabilities
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Loading speed 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Reasonable scrolling 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Text and images replying on
color
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Usability Website-1 Website-2 Website-3
Emergency exit works 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Navigation links work 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Correct link 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Clear headings and links 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Well-structured layout and
content
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Correct contact information 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Sitemap contains key links 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
4.1.5 Evaluation of checklist
According to their ratings, these three websites are not poor. But each website has some
different accessibility and usability issues for example, website 1 has some font and scrolling issues
but not usability issues and website 2 navigation and link issues but not accessibility issues and
website 3 has color, scrolling and sitemap issues. As a result, it can be said that websites are good but
not perfect. Based on the above issues found in the existing websites, guidelines and standards,
Unique website will be developed.

42
4.1.6 Interviewing with Unique responsible employees
As described in the introduction, interview method will be used to gather required
information to build the website for Unique. So, each responsible employee will be interviewed. The
following interview table will include employee’s name, date, time and place.
Employee Name Date Time Place
U Kyaw Win
(General Manager)
13 January 2014 9 am to 10 am Unique (Head office)
U Myo Thura (Sale Director) 13 January 2014 1 pm to 2 pm Unique (Sale center)
U Khin Maung (Senior
Cashier)
14 January 2014 2 pm to 3 pm Unique (Sale center)
Daw Myo Myo (Delivery
Manager)
15 January 2014 9 am to 10 am Unique (Head office)
The detail information of interview can be seen in the Appendix (From page 71 to 73)
In this chapter, analysis on three websites is made by evaluating them with selected guidelines
and standards. Then accessibility and usability issues are checked by drawing a checklist which is
rated by my friends. After that evaluation of checklist is discussed. Finally, required information for
project development is gathered by using interview method.

44
5.1 Exploration
5.1.1 Introduction
At first, prototyping technique will be applied to make end users see how the proposed
website will look like. Another technique called MosCow will be used to prioritize the requirements
by differentiating functional and non-functional requirements for the proposed website. Finally, time
boxing technique will be used to specify time for the development and delivery of the system on time.
5.1.2 Low level prototype for the Unique website
As DSDM is chosen to manage the Unique project, prototyping technique will be used to
show the end users how the Unique website will look like. The following prototype is drawn
based on the selected guidelines and standards.
Figure – 7
Link to home
page
Sub
navigation
Main
navigation
Items
display
Quick links Social links
Search box

45
5.1.3 Evaluation of low level prototype
In order to make users stay for long to use the website, it should provide easy access and have
an attractive interface design. As it’s created based on guidelines and standards, there will not be
much accessibility and usability issues for users.
A study shows that more than five navigation buttons on the main navigation bar can make
users confused. So, the navigation bar contains only 5 buttons. There are 6 sub-navigations at the left
side. The logo text is linked to the home page as an emergency exit. It is set at all pages of the website
so that users can easily go to home page with just one click on the logo text when they have lost while
using the website. The logo is appropriate in size. A search box is put at the middle of the banner
where it can be seen easily and users can find the specific product information with prices, brand
name and product name. All the items are categorized into each brand name such as Apple, Samsung
etc. It not only provides comfort but also ease to shop. All the items are clearly displayed with their
prices and detail specification so that users can easily know more about the products. All products
details are written in simple English. The layout is consistent. The same layout and interface will used
on every page not to make users annoyed to their sights using it. There will be a lot of improvements
in high level prototypes.
5.1.4 Functional and Non-Functional Requirements for Unique website development
Functional Requirements
Must Have
No Online Shopping Online Auction
1 Register customer Create auction
2 Register items Place bid
3 Order products Show winner
4 Deliver products
5 Make payment (Cash on delivery)
Should Have
1 Record delivery information Record delivery information
2 Record payment information Show the finished auction item and
available auction item

46
Could Have
1 Display the best selling products
2 View purchase history
3 Produce daily, monthly and
yearly report and stock report
Would Have
1 Cancellation of delivery Cancellation of bidding
2 Destroyed items Receive customer feedback
3 Inform users on the arrival of new
products
4 Receive pre-order information
5 Receive customer feedback
6 Make payment with credit card
Non-Functional requirements
Performance Requirements
 The database shall be able to accommodate a minimum of 10,000 records of
customers.
 The website shall be able to be accessed by many users at a time.
 Using the latest web technology, loading speed shall be made faster
Safety Requirements
 Because of increasing various virus and malware on the internet and system breakdown, the
database can be crashed because of that. As a result, the database should be backed up.
Design Requirements
 As web technology is on the rise, web developers are attracting users to use the websites by
various designs. Before building Unique website, eye-catching color and attractive design
should be considered.

47
Security Requirements
Some of the factors that are identified to defend the software from unexpected risk or malicious
access, use, change, devastation, or disclosure are presented below. Keep specific log or history data
sets
 Allocating definite functions to different modules
 Restricting communications between some parts of the program
 Checking data integrity and reliability for important variables
5.1.5 Use Case Diagram (Online Shopping)
Use Case Diagram (Shopping)
Member
(Primary Actor)
Admin
(Primary Actor)
Register member
Register Item
Order Products
Deliver Products
Make Payment

48
Use Case Diagram (Online Auction)
Use Case Diagram (Auction)
Member
<<Bidder>>
Website
Create an auction
Place bid
Show winner
Member
<<Auctioneer>>

49
5.1.6 Class Diagram
BiddingID
AuctionID
UserID
Price
BiddingTime
Bidding AuctionID
MemberID
AuctionItemID
AuctionDate
OriginalPrice
FinalPrice
IncrementPrice
Status
Auction
MemberID
MemberName
PhoneNo
Address
PostelCode
RegistrationDate
Member
AuctionID
AuctionItemID
ItemName
CategoryName
ItemPrice
ItemPic
ItemDescription
View
Status
AuctionItem
OrderID
UserID
OrderDate
CardNo
TotalAmount
Order
OrderID
ItemID
Quantity
Price
Amount
OrderDetail
ItemID
ItemName
ItemDescription
ItemPrice
ItemPic
ItemStatus
CategoryName
ViewCount
Item
* 1
*
1
*
1
*
1
*
*
1
1
1
*
DeliveryID
ID
DeliveryType
DeliveryDate
DeliveryTime
ReceiveType
Delivery
1
*
*
PaymentID
ID
PaymentType
PaymentDate
PaymentTime
TotalAmount
ReceiveType
Payment
1
*
Prototyping technique is applied for showing end users how the proposed website will be and
MosCow technique for functional and non-functional requirements. Use case and class diagrams are
drawn to describe the complete aspects of the proposed website.

51
6.1 Engineering
6.1.1 Introduction
The chapter will be about designing the database, creating a prototype for Unique website
based on the selected websites, guidelines and standards.
6.1.2 How database will be created
Without database, there is nothing a website can do. So, before creating a website, it
should be thought well how to create a database for it. As discussed above, Unique website will
be developed by using MySQL database where its data will be stored and retrieved. This database
will be build based on the class diagram shown at the above chapter. The classes in the class
diagram will become tables. Similarly, attributes contain in each class will become the fields in
particular tables. Each table will have a primary key and it must be unique and not null. Primary
key of the table will become foreign key in another table for one to many relationships. This is
how the database for Unique website will be created.
6.1.3 Short overview of Chapter 6
It’s discussed how the database will be created for Unique website by using the class diagram
shown above.

53
7.1 Deployment
7.1.1 Introduction
First of all, it will be discussed what features will be changed, added and be new in the
Unique website in comparison with the low level prototype and existing websites. The Unique
website will be built by following the guideline and standards. Timeboxing technique will be used to
finish the project deliver the system on time.
High level prototype will be shown to evaluate with chosen guidelines and standards to check
how guidelines and standards are followed. Then an accessibility and usability checklist will be used
to get user ratings on how they like Unique website. Only then user preferences on this website will
be known.
7.1.2 Change/Add/New features
It can’t be denied that user requirements are always changing. So, it’s very difficult to
develop a website with all user requirements within time constraint. As I have been provided six
months to develop Unique website, the best way to do is to use MosCow technique to prioritize the
requirements which can help meet all key requirements of business and deliver the project on time.
Many features and functions changed if compared to low level prototypes and existing
websites. All these will be discussed in the evaluation section. The new website is totally different
which may not have accessibility and usability issues as it’s built based on W3C standards which
focus on accessibility and Nielson guideline for usability.

54
7.1.3 Time box table
The following is the time box on how Unique website is built
No. of
time box
Date Processes Products
1 7 Feb to 11 Feb 2014 Using the above class diagram,
database has been designed and
developed
Built database
2 12 Feb to 15 Feb Created all registration pages for
online shopping
Shopping Registration
pages
3 16 Feb to 19 Feb Created all registration pages for
online auction
Auction registration
pages
4 20 Feb 23 Feb Created all Sign in/Sign out pages for
both online shopping and auction
Shopping and Auction
sign in/sign out pages
5 24 Feb to 3 March Created all customer accessed pages
such as category pages, product detail
pages, check out pages, search pages,
display message pages for online
shopping
Shopping customer pages
6 4 March to 8 March Created all admin pages such as item
registration pages, member display
pages, report pages for online shopping
Shopping admin pages
7 9 March to 12 March Created all customer accessed pages
such as, auction item detail, display
auction winner, auction item bidding
etc for online auction
Auction customer pages
8 13 March to 16 March Created all admin pages such as
auction item etc for online auction
Auction admin pages
9 17 March to 19 March Designed the whole website Completed website

55
7.1.4 High fidelity prototypes
Figure – 8
See more prototypes at Appendix (Page…..)
7.1.5 Evaluation of the high fidelity prototype with selected guidelines and standards
The website offers help information to help users shop, bid, auction in an easy way. It’s written in
simple English so that every user will understand.
Link to home
page
Search box
Key
navigation
Sub
navigation
Admin pages
Content
Social links
Sitemap and Help

56
Unique logo text is linked to the home page as an emergency exit.
All the contents of the website are consistent and well-structured to make users attract and visit the
website to buy products.
Arial font is used throughout the website not to make users annoy to their sights. So, it’s suitable for
people with disabilities.
This website provides clear navigation such as no blank links and contains sitemap to help users use
the website in a faster way.
No moving texts and images used in the website. So, no user control is needed for such things.
No such color is used which is not appropriate for people with disabilities and elderly people. The
grey color is used for whole background. Black color is used for the background of banner, side
navigation and banner. White color is used for fonts on them. So, these two colors don’t rely on each
other.
7.1.6 Evaluation of high fidelity prototypes
The website includes 7 navigation menus at the main navigation bar which doesn’t contain
any blank links. The realistic navigation bar shows the last users clicked with various color to let users
know their recent action. The Unique logo text is linked to the home page as an emergency exit to
help users while they lose using the website. The side navigation can help users to find the products
with categories in an easy way. Help and sitemap are provided to use the website in a faster way.
Simple English is used for help documentation. The search box is put at the top of the logo text to let
users find the specific information about products. All the contents are well-structured and same
layout and interface design are used for all pages. No moving images and texts are used which
increase loading time. Famous social links are put at the right side of the footer to visit its pages on
social websites.

57
7.1.7 Accessibility and usability checklist
The following checklist will be used by a user group to give their ratings on this website how suitable
and easy for them to use it.
7.1.8 Evaluation of the checklist
According to their ratings, many of the accessibility issues are ok but it seems that they are
holding a little dislike about color. It’s also obvious that they have many preferences on the website
apart from some usability issues such as clear headings and sitemap. However, it’s sure that they are
satisfied using it.
This chapter discussed on how Unique website is built based on three DSDM techniques
called MosCow, Timeboxing and prototyping and selected guidelines and standards. User preferences
on this website is discussed and taken by using a checklist and evaluation of checklist is briefly
discussed as well.
No Criteria Rating
Accessibility Unique Website
1 Readable font size 1 2 3 4 5
2 Color suitability 1 2 3 4 5
3 Loading speed 1 2 3 4 5
4 Reasonable scrolling 1 2 3 4 5
5 Text and images replying on color 1 2 3 4 5
Usability Unique Website
1 Emergency exit works 1 2 3 4 5
2 Navigation links work 1 2 3 4 5
3 Correct link 1 2 3 4 5
4 Clear headings and links 1 2 3 4 5
5 Well-structured layout and content 1 2 3 4 5
6 Correct contact information 1 2 3 4 5
7 Sitemap contains key links 1 2 3 4 5

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8.1 Testing and Evaluation
8.1.1 Test Plan
Unique website contains two parts called online shopping and online auction. Each part contains
many forms. But out of them, the main forms or pages will be checked because of similarity and time
constraint.
Testing plan for Online Shopping
No Feature or page to be tested Start Date End Date
1Customer Registration Form 3/20/2014 3/20/2014
2Item Registration Form 3/20/2014 3/20/2014
3Search Box 3/21/2014 3/21/2014
Product Detail page 3/21/2014 3/22/2014
Check out page 3/23/2014 3/23/2014
Testing plan for Online Auction
NFeature or page to be tested Start Date End Date
1Create auction form 3/24/2014 3/24/2014
2Auction Item page 3/25/2014 3/25/2014
3Auction Item Bidding 3/26/2014 3/26/2014
8.1.2 Black box
Black testing is also called as behavioral testing. It can be functional or non-functional, but
regularly functional. It focuses on data input and output. It helps finding incorrect or missing
functions, interface errors, errors in data structures, performance errors.

60
Explanation of criteria used for testing
Data – Information that needs to be entered at the form by the user
Procedure – Processing with the information as typed at the form
Expected Result – Describing or assuming what error will be displayed when the information is
processed
Actual Result – Displaying the precise error message and suggesting for correction
Unit testing (Online Shopping)
As an example, one test case will be shown in the following. The remaining test cases can be seen in
the appendix from page 82 to 86.
Test Case 1
Purpose To test customer side data validation for customer registration form
Data Member Name – Myint Oo
Mobile Phone – 09458888880
Address – No.125, MTNT, Yangon
Postal Code – 11220
User Name – myintooygn
Create Password – 1234
Confirm Password – 1234
Email – myintoo.com
Procedure Type all data shown above
Expected Result Incorrect email format (myintoo.com) rather than myintoo@gmail.com
Actual Result Display error message to re-enter a correct email address

61
Figure 9: Customer Validation
Firstly, test plans of how the testing processes were carried out are clearly shown with start
date and end date. Secondly, black box testing and criteria used for testing are briefly discussed.
Finally, an example of test case is shown with screen shots.

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9.1 Overall Conclusions
In this chapter, it will be discussed on how the project has been finished and what has
been achieved on the completion of the project. It will also be discussed on how the problems
and difficulties were overcome to finish the project. It will be explained why some of the
functions are not included in the website which will later be developed in the future. Finally,
by doing this project, what knowledge I get will be discussed.
9.1.1 Achievements
The key purpose of the project has been met. All the important requirements of Unique have
been successfully developed. All the end users provide positive feedback on the high fidelity
prototype so that it can be said that the website is successful. Even if some end users commented that
online auction doesn’t include enough functions, it could convince them to try in the future.
Based on guidelines and standards and the feedback and comments provided by end users on
the low fidelity prototypes, improvements have been made to high fidelity prototype to help them to
better imagine the shopping and auctioning on them. Some more design issues were fixed by drawing
a checklist by getting users ratings, suggestions, comments and preferences on prototypes.
The development process has been finished with less difficulty as the right methodology was
applied. The project has also been delivered on time.
9.1.2 Extent to which aims were met
Aims were met to some extent. End user’s comment, feedback and suggestion could improve
the website.
The disappointing thing is that the online shopping part doesn’t allow users to make payment
with credit card but cash on delivery. Another disappointing thing is that when looking specification
of the products, only little specification is written and up to date information is not found.
The disappointing factor about online auction part is that owner information is not fully
provided. Another disappointing factor is that uploading wrong action at the website can’t be
controlled.

64
9.1.3 Critical Evaluation of Project
Interviewing with Unique responsible employees to gather information to develop the website
took longer than necessary which wasted a lot of time.
Because of low internet connection speed in Myanmar, it took much time to search
information from the internet which leads to further delays on further project activities.
End users took time to provide feedback and comments on high fidelity prototype because of
less technical skills and knowledge which reduces some features as the time box is fixed. That’s why
development process started late.
Due to lack of experiences in developing website, the management of the project was not
planned well which took much time than necessary to complete the project, but could delivered the
project on time.
9.1.4 Future Development
I have left some feature and requirements in developing Unique website which are not very
important as the time box is specified and I have not enough skills and knowledge. As shown in
MosCow prioritization table, only Must Have, Should and Could Have have been developed. Would
Have are left to develop in the future.
In the future, I will try my best to develop this project again with all the features and functions
which popular online shopping and auction websites must have. First of all, I will consider online
payment with various credit cards then other remaining functions and features. I will also re-design
the website based on different guidelines as the current interface design is a little poor.
As mobile technology is on the rise, people are using mobile widely. So, I will develop a
mobile application for Unique from which users can make shopping and bid for auction from their
mobile phones.

65
9.1.5 What I learn from this project
This is my second experience of developing the project. I also developed a project in level 5
NCC Education called “Online Examination System” but the scope the project was quite small. I got a
little experience from that project which helped me to complete this BIT project. There are plenty of
things I could learn from this project. By doing this project, I come to know more about methodology,
tools and techniques and online business. What’s more, my understanding and knowledge of
ecommerce has become strong.
I also come to know that how to plan and manage time to develop a project. Interviewing with
end users really made me improve my communication skills related to business field. Creating
prototypes based on the guidelines and standards broaden my knowledge of the use of guidelines in
developing websites.
Before developing this website, I was a little bit nervous to write codes for it. Then I tried
some books and searched coding from various websites to complete the project which really improved
my programming skills. This experience is unforgettable experience in my life.

66
Bibliography
Books
Paul Bocij, et al. (2006). Business Information Systems (3rd ed.). (A. Greasley, Ed.) London: CPI -
Bath Press, UK.
David Avison, et al. (2003). Information Systems Development (3rd ed.). (C. Graham, Ed.) New
York: McGraw-Hill Education.
(2006) REVIEW OF LITERATURE. [Online]. Available at:
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/7929/7/07_chapter%202.pdf (Accessed: 12
December 2013).
JONGEUN KIM (1996) UNDERSTANDING CONSUMERS’ ONLINE SHOPPING AND
PURCHASING BEHAVIORS . [Online]. Available at: http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-
okstate-1049.pdf (Accessed: 15 December 2013).
ROBERT ZEITHAMMER (2006) Forward-Looking Bidding in Online Auctions. [Online]. Available
at: http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty/robert.zeithammer/forward_looking_biddingJMR.pdf
(Accessed: 19 December 2013).
John Wiley (1997) The Elements of User Interface Design . [Online]. Available at:
http://www.theomandel.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Mandel-GoldenRules.pdf (Accessed: 27
December 2013).
Websites
Marc Clifton, J. Dunlap. 2003. What Is DSDM?. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/5097/What-Is-DSDM. [Accessed 13 December 14].
Select Business Solutions. 2014. What Is DSDM?. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.selectbs.com/process-maturity/what-is-dsdm. [Accessed 14 December 13].
Angela Bradley. 2013. What is PHP Used For?. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://php.about.com/od/phpbasics/qt/what_is_php_used_for.htm. [Accessed 19 December 13].
Angela Bradley. 2013. Why Use PHP?. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://php.about.com/od/phpbasics/p/php_reasons.htm. [Accessed 19 December 13].
NinethSense. 2010. PHP and ASP.NET. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/102854/PHP-and-ASP-NET-A-Feature-List. [Accessed 20
December 13].

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Malin De Silva. 2011. Why Choose ASP.NET Over PHP?. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://technorati.com/technology/it/article/why-choose-aspnet-over-php/. [Accessed 21 December 13].
Scott Workman. 2013. Why Use ASP.NET for Website and Web App Development. [ONLINE]
Available at: http://www.bitwisesolutions.com/about-bitwise/resources/blog/february-2013/why-use-
asp-net-for-website-and-web-app-developmen/. [Accessed 23 December 13].
Giteshtrivedi. 2011. Why Oracle Database is best choice. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://giteshtrivedi.hubpages.com/hub/Why-Oracle-Database-Administration-is-Primary-
Requirement. [Accessed 23 December 13].
Novell. 2014. Benefits of MySQL. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.howtomysql.net/mysql-
advantages.html. [Accessed 27 December 13].
Brian Stevens. 2011. What is a MySQL Database?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.host-
shopper.com/what-is-a-mysql-database.html. [Accessed 27 December 13].
Develop PHP. 2014. What is a MySQL Database? And why would I use it? . [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.developphp.com/view_lesson.php?v=243. [Accessed 27 December 13].

69
I. Project Proposal
Project Title – Unique Online Shopping and Auction Website
Student Name – Myint Oo @ Amirul Hassan
Background Information
UNIQUE Mobile and Computer Sale & Service Shop is one of the most popular shops in
Myanmar. The shop was set out in 2014 with a view to provide satisfactory sales and services in
Myanmar. It is the first shop in Myanmar which started providing free lifetime services to all
UNIQUE customers in Myanmar. So, it already has gain customer trust and huge reputation of
offering satisfactory sales and services. UNIQUE’s motto is “Customer’s satisfaction is our first
priority”. It’s a medium sized shop which has three branches in Yangon. The shop is running
manually with 40 staffs. Its main office is located at Pansondan Street (Upper Block) in Kyauktada
Township, Myanmar.
The shop is well-decorated and all the products are well-placed with each brand name and
category. Products menus are also available from which customers can choose the products easily by
using them. As mobile technology is increasing day by day, people from all level are willing to buy
smart phones, tablets etc for their daily needs. So, UNIQUE is the only place where people’s
intentions are because of its lifetime services and warm communication.
UNIQUE wants to broaden its business to promote sales in nationwide. It will provide ease
and comfort to not only its regular customers but also remote customers in rural places to buy
products from online. So, it could get more customers and improve sales rate by converting manual
sales system into online sales system.

70
Overview (Scope of the project)
This project is online shopping and auction website which will be developed with a view to
improve sale and provide fast and satisfactory services to the online users and customers. The project
will be a dynamic website which allows customers to buy goods or services from a seller through the
internet using a web browser. Customers will be able to select various products with different sizes,
color and prices based on categories. If they want to buy the products, they have to register first. The
selected products must be added to the shopping cart and can be reviewed once again after they are
bought from the cart. In order to check out, they have to select a payment type such as cash on
delivery. In order to make sure the contact information, the website will show their contact
information to deliver the products.
The website will have different reports such as daily reports, monthly and yearly reports and
delivery reports. It also shows which products are best selling. It handles adding new customers,
products, updating and deleting for the same as well. The website will let people to list their products
up for auction. It doesn’t have the products in stock and doesn’t send the products. Only the individual
person who owns the product and sells via the website is responsible for everything about the sale. In
order to sell the auction products, auctioneer must first register at the website. Likewise, bidders must
also register with shipping address on the websites to bid on auction.
Auctioneer needs to take a digital photo of the product and describe the price of it to attract
bidders. The website will make both auctioneer and bidders together for trading at the same time and
location. The major features of this project are high accuracy, design flexibility and easy availability.
By using this website, users will be able to order the goods, visit the site, bid on auction products.
What’s more, users can shop in the comfort of their home without going to the sale center and can
save time and compare prices to website to website.
Database, Methodology and Programming Language to be used
The project will be developed with My SQL Server and PHP. DSDM (Dynamic System
Development Method) will be applied to analysis the requirements for this project. These are some
reasons why I am going to use DSDM to develop my project
- Early implementation to business problems
- Outcomes of development are visible
- Risk of developing the wrong system is reduced
- Basic functionality is delivered quickly, with more functionality being delivered at
regular intervals
- System is delivered on time and on budget

71
Aim and Objective
The aim of the project is to improve the sales and services for online buyers. The project is
able to control the different information of customers, products and controlling customers and
updating of website. The general aim of the software is to let the customers to shop virtually via the
internet and permit the customers to buy their desired goods from the website. It will be hosted on the
web and the administrator controls the database. The administrator approves and discards requests for
new shops and maintains lists of categories. The input of the data into the website is able to be done
via different screens designed for different levels of customers. Once the allowed employees insert the
related data into the website, numerous reports could be generated according to the security.
Initial References
1. Paul Bocij. et al. (2006), “Business Information System: Technology, Development &
Management For e-business (3rd
Edition)”, Pearson Education Limited.
2. Ralph M. Stair, George W. Reynolds : Principles of Information System, A
Managerial Approach, Ninth Edition, Course Technology, Boston, 2010
3. Ralph M. Stair, George W. Reynolds: Principles of Information Systems, A
Managerial Approach, Course Technology, Boston, 2010. Ninth Edition
ISBN-13:978–0-324–66528–4
ISBN-10:0–324–66528–8

72
II. Project plan
No Name of steps Start Date Duration (Days) End Date
1 Project start 12/10/2013 4 12/14/2013
2 Literature Review 12/15/2013 12 12/27/2013
3 Feasibility 12/28/2013 2 12/30/2013
4 Foundation 12/31/2013 15 1/15/2015
5 Exploration 1/16/2014 10 1/26/2014
6 Engineering 1/27/2014 10 2/6/2014
7 Deployment 2/7/2014 40 3/19/2014
8 Testing 3/20/2014 5 3/25/2014
9 Project report 3/26/2014 25 4/20/2014
Figure – 10 Gantt Chart
12/8/2013 12/28/2013 1/17/2014 2/6/2014 2/26/2014 3/18/2014 4/7/2014
Project start
Literature Review
Feasibility
Foundation
Exploration
Engineering
Deployment
Testing
Project report

73
III. Interviews
Sheet – 1
Date 13 January 2014
Duration 1 Hour
Employee Name U Kyaw Win, General Manager
Section Overall Website
Objectives - Knowing Background information of Unique
- Abstracting High level requirements for Unique website
- Discussing the payment type such as cash on delivery or
with credit card
- Discussing the auction and bidding types
- Discussing the security features and standard features
Results - Background information are provided in detail
- High level requirements are confirmed
- Detail information are given on payment type
- Auction and bidding types are confirmed
- Security features and standard features which will be
included in the Unique website are fixed.

74
Sheet – 2
Duration 1 Hour
Employee U Myo Thura, Sale Director
Section Sale part for the website
Objective - Analysing and knowing how the products are sold
- Knowing how the product information are provided to the
customers for the arrival of new products
- Discussing what personal information are required from
the customers for sale process
- Discussing how the second-hand products are sold and
how the owners are contacted when buyers appear
- Discuss on types of reports needed
Results - Information is given on how products are sold
- Clearly discussed on proving information on new
products
- Getting types of information needed for sale process
- Information given on how the sale of second-hand
products are performed
- Types of reports such as daily, monthly and yearly reports
are confirmed

75
Sheet – 3
Duration 1 Hour
Employee U Khin Maung, Senior Cashier
Section Payment part for the website
Objective - Knowing how the payment process is carried out after
selling the products
- Discussing how the payment is received for remote order
(e.g. order made by rural by phone)
Results - Get the information of the payment process
- Get the information of payment received for remote order
Sheet – 4
Duration 1 Hour
Employee Daw Myo Myo, Delivery Manager
Section Delivery part for the website
Objective - Knowing what information is needed to make delivery
- Discussing how the delivery is made
Results - Information required from the customers and how they
are used for delivery is clearly discussed
- Information is given with two different types of delivery,
city delivery and remote delivery including its rules and
regulations

76
IV. Prototypes
Figure – 11 Sign up page
Figure – 12 Sign in page

77
Figure – 13 Product display page
Figure – 14 Check out page

78
Figure – 15 Reports page
Figure – 16 Auction items display page

79
Figure – 17 Profile page
Figure – 18 Show winner and owner page

80
Figure – 19 Member display page

81
V. Use Case descriptions
Online Shopping (Primary Scenarios)
Use Case Name: Register Member
Actor: Customer
Pre condition: Customer must access to Unique website
Flow of events:
Use case starts when customer calls sign up form by clicking sign up button at the navigation
bar
1. Customer enters personal information in the related fields such as member name,
address etc
2. Then, customer submits the information
Post condition: Information will be saved and a successful message will be shown.
Use Case Name: Register Items
Actor: Admin
Pre condition: Admin must login into the website with admin privilege
Flow of events:
Use case starts when admin clicks item registration link
1. Admin enters product information in the related fields such item name, item
description etc
2. Admin selects category type such as Apple, Samsung
3. Admin submits product information
Post condition: Information will be saved and the products will be displayed at the related
category page

82
Use Case Name: Order Products
Actor: Member
Pre condition: Member must login into the website with his or her valid account
Flow of events:
Use case starts when member calls product display page
1. Member searches the products at the product display page or with using search box
2. Member selects the products
3. Member enters quantity
4. Member selects payment types
5. Member checks out to confirm order
Post condition: Order information will be saved and the product information and delivery
address will be shown.
Use Case Name: Deliver products
Actor: Admin
Pre condition: Admin must login into the website with admin privilege
Flow of events:
Use case starts when daily order list is checked
1. If orders exist, Admin selects the existing orders from the daily order list
2. Admin clicks on print button to pass to the delivery staffs
Post condition: Delivery lists will be produced.

83
Use Case Name: Make payment
Actor: Member
Pre condition: Member has already ordered products
Flow of events:
Use case starts when member receives the ordered products
1. Member checks the products whether these are their ordered products or not
2. If these are correct, customer make payment called cash on delivery
3. Member signs to confirm receiving order
Post condition: Receiving information will be saved and mark as finished delivery or order
Online Auction (Primary Scenarios)
Use Case Name: Create auction
Actor: Member (Auctioneer)
Pre condition: Member must login into the system
Flow of events:
Use case starts when member calls create auction form
1. Member enters product information in relevant fields for auction
2. By entering a correct date format in last date field, member submits auction
information
Post condition: auction information will be saved and show the auction at the auction page

84
Use Case Name: Place bid
Actor: Member (Bidder)
Pre condition: Member must login into the system
Flow of events:
Use case starts when member clicks auction button at the navigation bar
1. Member searches the products to know which products are available and finished
2. Member selects their desired products from available products
3. Member places valid bidding amount at item bidding form
4. Member confirms bidding by clicking the bid button
Post condition: Bidder name, price and time will be shown beside the item bidding form
Use Case Name: Show winner
Actor: Unique Website
Pre condition: Bidding prices and last date for auction has already been inserted
Flow of events:
Use case starts when system checks the last date and the last bidding price
1. If found, system searches the product information of the last date
2. System searches the information of the last bidder
3. System searches the information of the owner
4. Then, system displays all the information together
Post condition: Owner, item, winner information will be shown.

85
VI. Test cases
Test Case 2
Purpose To test admin side data validation for item registration form
Data Item Name – Myint Oo
Item Description – A7 Chipset, 32GB
Item Price – 700
Insert Picture – Not selected file
Item Status – Brand New
Category Name – Apple
Procedure Enter all data shown above
Expected Result No selected images from the computer
Actual Result Show error message to select a file
Figure 20: Admin Validation

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