The Purpose of the Research As a leading technological powerhouse, Taiwan is a key U.S. partner in the Indo-Pacific. The United States and Taiwan share similar values, deep commercial and economic links, and strong people-to-people ties, which form the bedrock of our friendship and serve as the impetus for expanding U.S. engagement with Taiwan. In this research, we have analyzed through which institutions and documents the technology partnership between Taiwan and the U.S. is being implemented, which helped Taiwan become a global technology leader with a sustained economy. http://tiukraine.org

1. How did the US help Taiwan to
become a leading
technological powerhouse?
2022
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2. Contents:
1. The Purpose of the Research
2. Foreign Relations
3. US-Taiwan Institutions
4. US-Taiwan Policy Documents
5. Recent Developments
6. List of Sources

3. The Purpose of the Research
As a leading technological powerhouse, Taiwan is a key U.S. partner in
the Indo-Pacific. The United States and Taiwan share similar values,
deep commercial and economic links, and strong people-to-people ties,
which form the bedrock of our friendship and serve as the impetus for
expanding U.S. engagement with Taiwan.
In this research, we have analyzed through which institutions and
documents the technology partnership between Taiwan and the U.S. is
being implemented, which helped Taiwan become a global technology
leader with a sustained economy.

4. Foreign Relations
Foreign Representation
The American Institute in Taiwan performs citizen and consular services
similar to those at diplomatic posts. The Department of State maintains a
contract with AIT and funds a large part of AIT’s operations. Sandra
Oudkirk is the Taipei-based AIT Director and James Moriarty is AIT’s
Chairman.
Economic Relations
Taiwan is a highly advanced economy producing an estimated $786
billion in goods and services in 2021. The United States and Taiwan
have deep and growing commercial, financial, and trade ties, which
advance U.S. interests and help create economic opportunities in the
United States. Since 2020, the United States and Taiwan, under the
auspices of AIT and TECRO, have held the Economic Prosperity
Partnership Dialogue to enhance economic and commercial ties,
including supply chain security and resiliency, investment screening, and
health, science and technology, and the digital economy.
The Department of Commerce launched the Technology, Trade, and
Investment Collaboration framework with Taiwan in 2021 to provide a
platform to develop commercial programs and explore actions to
strengthen critical supply chains
Science and Technology Cooperation
AIT and TECRO signed a Science and Technology Agreement in 2020
to enhance scientific cooperation and joint research. The United States
and Taiwan also engage in joint scientific cooperative endeavours in
areas including meteorology, nuclear science, environmental protection,
thoracic cancer research, atmospheric research, and public health and
preventative medicine.

5. Taiwan-U.S. Policy Program
This ambitious program educates and informs mid-level experts (ages
28-43) about Taiwan and U.S.-Taiwan relations. TUPP consists of two
consecutive programs, including seminars in Washington, D.C. and a
research trip to Taiwan. The CSIS China Power Project ran the TUPP
program through 2020.

6. US-Taiwan Institutions
Government agencies
Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States
The Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United
States represents the interests of Taiwan in the United States in the
absence of formal diplomatic relations, functioning as a de facto
embassy. Its counterpart in Taiwan is the office of the American Institute
in Taiwan (AIT) in Taipei.
American Institute in Taiwan
The American Institute in Taiwan is the de facto Embassy of the United
States of America in Taiwan. The AIT institution is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the federal government of the United States in Taiwan with
Congressional oversight. The AIT was officially created as a U.S.
government-sponsored non-profit, private corporation established under
the auspices of the U.S. government to serve its interests in Taiwan.
Internal institutions
Global Taiwan Institute
GTI’s mission is to enhance the relationship between Taiwan and other
countries, especially the United States, through policy research and
programs that promote a better public understanding of Taiwan and its
people.
The Hudson Institute
The Hudson Institute is a conservative American think tank based in
Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1961 in Croton-on-Hudson, New
York, by futurist, military strategist, and systems theorist Herman Kahn
and his colleagues at the RAND Corporation.

7. U.S. think tank the Hudson Institute launched a new China Center on
Thursday (May 19) to devise policy responses to China, appointing
historian and strategist Miles Yu as director and former U.S. Secretary of
State Mike Pompeo as advisory board chair.
The Brookings Institution
The Brookings Institution, often stylized as simply Brookings, is an
American research group founded in 1916. TECRO provides between
$250,000 and $499,999 to the think tank annually.
The Center for American Progress
The Center for American Progress is a public policy research and
advocacy organization which presents a liberal viewpoint on economic
and social issues.
The Center for a New American Security
The Center for a New American Security is a Washington, D.C.-based
think tank established in 2007 by co-founders Michèle Flournoy and Kurt
M. Campbell. It specializes in United States national security issues.
The Center for Strategic and International Studies
The Center for Strategic and International Studies is a think tank based
in Washington, D.C., in the United States. CSIS was founded as the
Center for Strategic and International Studies of Georgetown University
in 1962.
The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) established a
bipartisan CSIS Task Force on U.S. Policy Toward Taiwan in January
2020 to prepare recommendations for the coming four years and
beyond.

8. The task force includes members who have held senior positions of
responsibility on Taiwan policy in previous Democratic and Republic
administrations as well as experts on national security, business,
technology, law, society, the U.S. Congress, human rights, and Taiwan’s
politics and society.
US-Taiwan Policy Documents

9. Declassified Cables: Taiwan Arms Sales & Six Assurances (1982)
The first declassified cable below, sent on July 10, 1982, from the U.S.
Under Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger to then, AIT Director
James Lilley provides the U.S. interpretation of the 1982 Communiqué
as it relates to ongoing U.S. arms sales to Taiwan. The cable explains
that the U.S. willingness to reduce its arms sales to Taiwan is
conditioned upon the continued commitment of the PRC to a peaceful
solution to cross-Strait differences. Further, if the PRC were to become
more hostile, then the United States would increase arms sales to
Taiwan.
Taiwan Relations Act (01/01/1979)
To help maintain peace, security, and stability in the Western Pacific and
promote the United States' foreign policy by authorizing the continuation
of commercial, cultural, and other relations between the people of the
United States and the people of Taiwan for other purposes.
U.S.-PRC Joint Communique on Arms Sales (the 1982 Communique)
(08/17/1982)
In the Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations
on January 1, 1979, issued by the Government of the United States of
America and the People’s Republic of China, the United States of
America recognized the Government of the People’s Republic of China
as the sole legal Government of China, and it acknowledged the
Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.
Within that context, the two sides agreed that the people of the United
States would continue to maintain cultural, commercial, and other
unofficial relations with the people of Taiwan. On this basis, relations
between the United States and China were normalized.
U.S.-PRC Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic
Relations (Normalization Communique) (01/01/1979)

10. The United States of America and the People’s Republic of China have
agreed to recognize each other and establish diplomatic relations as of
January 1, 1979.
AIT-TECRO Agreements
The people of the United States maintain cultural, commercial and other
unofficial relations with the people of Taiwan. All programs, transactions,
and other relations carried out by the President or any agency of the
United States Government concerning Taiwan are generally conducted
and carried out by or through the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT).
TECRO or Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the
United States, formerly the Coordination Council for North American
Affairs (CCNAA) has been determined to be the instrumentality
established by the people of Taiwan having the necessary authority
under the laws applied by the people of Taiwan to provide assurances
and take other actions on behalf of Taiwan.
These two institutions signed dozens of agreements, including
agreements in aviation, consular, customs, energy, education, health,
maritime etc. We will focus on scientific and technical cooperation.
● Agreement Between the American Institute in Taiwan and the
Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United
States on Scientific and Technological Cooperation
The date signed: 12-14-2020
● Technical Cooperation Associated with Establishing
Satellite-Based Marine oil Monitoring Collaborative Activity
Date Signed: 10-17-2013
● Cooperation in the Global Learning and Observations to Benefit
the Environment Program
Date Signed: 09-06-2013
● Agmt Between the AIT and TECRO for Technical Cooperation in
Meteorology and Forecast Systems Development
Date Signed: 03-06-2012

11. ● Probabilistic Risk Assessment Research (2004)
Date Signed: 01-01-2004
● Aerosol Measurements
Date Signed: 07-13-2007
● Enhancement of the CWB Data Assimilation System (Arrangement
#3)
Date Signed: 07-11-2007
● Advanced-Data Assimilation and Modeling Systems
Date Signed: 01-12-2005
● Earthquake and Bridge Engineering
Date Signed: 07-08-2004
● Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
Date Signed: 04-02-2002
● Neutron Scattering Research (annexes)
Date Signed: 02-08-2001
● Constellation Observing System
Date Signed: 06-30-1999
● Implementing Arrangement #10 Enhancement Support Srvcs for
AOAWS-ES
Date Signed: 04-27-2007
● Advanced Operational Aviation Weather Systems
Date Signed: 02-13-1998
● Scientific and Weather Technology Systems Support
Date Signed: 11-05-1997
● Ocean Climate Research
Date Signed: 02-18-1997
● Physical Sciences
Date Signed: 01-10-1997
● Seismology and Earthquake Monitoring Systems Development
Date Signed: 07-24-1992
● Highway-Related Sciences
Date Signed: 01-07-1992
● Geodetic Research
Date Signed: 02-21-1991
● Meteorology and Forecast Systems Development (Implementing
arrangement #19)
Date Signed: 11-26-2007

12. ● Hualien Soil Structure
Date Signed: 09-28-1990
● Meteorology and Forecast Systems Development (supersedes
2001 agreement)
Date Signed: 09-05-2007
● Meteorology and Forecast Systems Development (implementing
arrangement 18)
Date Signed: 09-26-2006
● Meteorology and Forecast Systems Development (modification 1)
Date Signed: 06-09-2006
● Meteorology and Forecast Systems Development (2001)
Date Signed: 06-20-2001
● Meteorology and Forecast Systems Development
Date Signed: 06-28-1990
● Reservoir Sedimentation and Sluicing
Date Signed: 03-08-1996
● Water Resources Development (appendix 8)
Date Signed: 11-16-2004
● Water Resources Development (appendix 7)
Date Signed: 08-30-1996
● Water Resources Development (amendment 1 to appendix 6)
Date Signed: 12-04-2002
● Water Resources Development (appendix 6)
Date Signed: 06-28-1993
● Water Resource Development (amendment 5)
Date Signed: 04-17-2007
● Water Resources Development (amendment 4)
Date Signed: 12-04-2002
● Water Resources Development (amendment 3)
Date Signed: 10-14-1997
● Water Resources Development (amendment 2)
Date Signed: 09-03-1996
● Dam Design and Construction/Water Resource Management (also
contains amendment 1)
Date Signed: 06-09-1992
● Dam Design and Construction (appendix 2)
Date Signed: 10-26-1988

13. ● Dam Design and Construction (amendment 1 to appendix 1)
Date Signed: 03-12-1990
● Dam Design and Construction (appendix 1)
Date Signed: 08-24-1987
● Dam Design and Construction
Date Signed: 08-24-1987
● TAMEX Atmospheric Research
Date Signed: 05-04-1987
● Thermal-Hydraulic Code Applications and Maintenance (2004)
Date Signed: 12-13-2004
● Cooperative Science Agreement (1980 agreement, 1987 extension
and subsequent letters including 1990 extension of Agreement on
Technical, Scientific and Engineering Information)
Date Signed: 09-04-1980
● Technical, Scientific, and Engineering Information
Date Signed: 11-17-1987
● Technical, Scientific and Engineering Information (1990 extension
of 1987 document)
Date Signed: 08-08-1990
● Technical, Scientific and Engineering Information
Recent Developments
November 2020
US and Taiwan sign five-year agreement on health, tech and security

14. Taiwan and the United States have held their first high-level meetings
under a new economic dialogue, inking a five-year agreement and
pledging future cooperation on health, tech, and security.
The talks, held amid a contentious US presidential transition period and
high regional tensions with China, did not advance Taiwan’s hopes for a
trade deal with the US, despite the two countries growing closer under
Donald Trump and his pushback on Beijing.
They were led by Taiwan’s deputy minister of economic affairs, Chen
Chern-chyi, and US undersecretary of state, Keith Krach, with the stated
aim of building on historic ties and “shared democratic values”, and
senior government officials met for the first time on Friday, signing a
five-year memorandum of understanding.
The parties established working groups on global health security,
science and technology, 5G and telecommunications security, supply
chains, women’s economic empowerment, infrastructure cooperation,
and investment.
December 2021
U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo discussed chip supply chains
during a call with her opposite number in Taiwan and the two will
cooperate on technology trade and investment through a newly
established mechanism, her office said.
The United States has repeatedly pressed Taiwan, as a major chip
producer, to do more to help resolve a global shortage of
semiconductors, which has shuttered some auto production lines and
impacted consumer goods.
April 2022
Taiwan aims to forge closer ties with the U.S. on electric vehicles, the
metaverse and next-generation communication technologies as

15. Washington pushes to bring supply chains onshore, the island's top
trade promotion organization said.
The government-backed Taiwan External Trade Development Council
(TAITRA), will host its first-ever expo in Washington in October to
showcase Taiwan's tech capabilities, James Huang, chairman of the
council, told Nikkei Asia in an interview.
List of Sources
1. https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-taiwan/
2. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4545970

16. 3. https://prospect.org/world/taiwan-funding-think-tanks-omnipresent-
rarely-disclosed/
4. https://www.csis.org/analysis/toward-stronger-us-taiwan-relationshi
p
5. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/21/us-and-taiwan-sig
n-five-year-agreement-on-health-tech-and-security
6. https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-taiwan-discuss-chips-again
-cooperate-under-new-framework-2021-12-07/
7. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Supply-Chain/Taiwan-eyes-closer-
U.S.-tech-ties-island-s-top-trade-body-says