2. INTRODUCTION
The Chalukya dynasty was an Indian royal
dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and
central India between the 6th and the 12th
centuries. During this period, they ruled as three
dynasties. The earliest dynasty, known as the
"Badami Chalukyas", ruled from the middle of the
6th century
The Eastern Chalukyas became an independent
kingdom in the eastern Deccan. They ruled until
about the 11th century. In the western Deccan, the
rise in the middle of the 8th century Western
Chalukyas ruled until the end of the 12th century.
3. The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone
in the history of South India and a golden age in the
history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South
India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires
with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas and it is
consolidated between kaveri and narmada river.
. The rise of this empire saw in the development of new
style of architecture called "Chalukyan architecture".
Kannada literature, which had enjoyed royal support in the
9th century from the Western Chalukyas .The 11th century
saw the birth of Telugu literature under the Eastern
Chalukyas.
5. ROCK-CUT CAVE TEMPLE AT
BADAMI
The chalukyan capital city Badami
was protected by a fort surrounded
by a moat.
On the southern hill called ‘Ranmandal’
there are series of cave from the top to
bottom
Badami was also a religious centre.
Goddess ‘Banashankari’ was the
presiding diety and a festival is held
annually in her honour in the full moon.
6. CAVE I (SHIVA CAVE)
• The cave is hewn on
southern hill and can be
reached by climbing
about 35 steps.
• This is L-shaped cave
which is 14m long and
7.5m deep and faces
towards north.
• The cave consist of
pillared verandah, a hall
and a square cell hewn
deep into the rock and
outside the cave sculpture
of ‘Natraj’ is carved with
eighteen hands, snake,
fire, tiger skin etc.
7. • From the verandah opens
a hall where fine figures
of Shiva and Parvati
combined about three
metres high with four
head is carved with a
musical instrument veena
and image of nandi.
• The ceiling of verandah
is carved with huge
‘Naga’ (serpent).
• The four square pillars of
verandah and hall are
carved with animal
figure like lion,
elephants. The pillars
have ribbed shaft.
8. CAVE II (VAISHNAVA CAVE)
• The cave can be
reached by climbing 65
steps from Cave I
toward east and it also
faces toward north.
• The four pillar
verandah are carved
with bands of
ornaments and bracket
contains animal
sculptures.
• The cave is 10m long
7m wide and stand on
eight massive pillars
3.5m high.
9. • On the eastern wall of
verandah , is the huge
image of ‘Varaha’
holding earth.
• On the western wall
there is a huge
sculpture of, Tri-
vikrama’ (vishnu)with
eight hands.
• The ceiling is full of
mythological stories.
10. CAVE III (VAISHNAVA CAVE)
• The cave can be reached
by climbing sixty steps
from cave II towards east.
• The cave is 21m long 15m
deep with high platform.
• On the left wall of
verandah there is a image
of Vishnu similar to cave
II.
• The hall is supported by
six massive pillars and
two plasters which are
exuberently carved.
11. CAVE IV (JAINA CAVE)
• This cave belonging to
Jaina is situated at top of
the hill.
• The four pillars of
verandah are 10mx5m
have wide capital.
• The entrance of mantapa
is lavishly decorated
and have a huge statue
of Mahaveer about 2m
high.
• The entrance door of
shrine is beautifully
carved and flanked by
two ‘Dwarpalas’.
12. STRUCTURAL TEMPLES
Badami chalukyas also built
several structural temples
along the edge of the lake
and hill tops.
• The temples were
conducted from 450 A.D to
650 A.D.
• characteristic features – the
early Chalukyans combined
some features of north and
south style of construction.
• They have high platform,
ornate door frames, plinth
moulded, orthogonal
shikhras, roof projection
over ardh mantapa.
13. Characteristic feature
Aihole, Badami and pattadkal near Bijapur in Karnataka are centers of early
chalukyan art..
Aihole was first capital of early chalukyas..
Aihole is to the west of Badami while Pattadakl is to the east..
Curved towers decorate with blind arches..
14. • Deccan style is in their balcony seating
angled eaves and sloping roof and
elaborately carved coloums and celling..
• Mortar less assembly..
• Flat roofs.
• Richly curved ceiling…
15. The porch, which
faces east, is
decorated with
pot motifs and
couples
Decoration on the
outer balcony of
the porch includes
pots (center), river
goddesses (left),
and couples
The porch fronts
a square
mandapa.
In the face of
mandapa, a Nandi
face the small
interior shrine..
LAD KHAN TEMPLE AT AIHOLE
16. LAD KHAN TEMPLE AT AIHOLE
The temple stands on square plan 15 m side with high platform…
The north face of temple is shown..
Sloping roof..
Stone loges cover the joint between the roofing slabs..
No mortar is used for the construction of this temple..
17. DURGA TEMPLE AT AIHOLE
The temple stands on a high molded plinth 3 m high ..
It consist of a pillared hall or mukha- mandapa
and an additional verandah all around .
Two flight of steps one from north and other
from south are provided in front of the porch..
The roof of mukha mandapa is flat ..
It is apsidal in plan, along the lines of a Buddhist
chaitya, . A pillared corridor runs around the temple,
enveloping the shrine, the mukhamantapa and
the sabhamantapa.
18. DURGA TEMPLE AT AIHOLE
The temple stands on a high molded plinth 3 m high ..
It consist of a pillared hall or mukha- mandapa
and an additional verandah all around .
Two flight of steps one from north and other
from south are provided in front of the porch..
The roof of mukha mandapa is flat ..
It is apsidal in plan, along the lines of a Buddhist
chaitya, . A pillared corridor runs around the temple,
enveloping the shrine, the mukhamantapa and
the sabhamantapa.
19. BHUTANATH GROUP OF TEMPLE AT
BADAMI
These temple stand on high plinths, two
to three meters high.
Inner hall of this temple a heavy
architrave above the columns divided the
hall into a central nave and two aisles…
The pillars are massive and the bays in
ceiling of the nave is decorated with lotus
rosette..
20. BHUTANATH GROUP OF TEMPLE
AT BADAMI
The Bhutanatha group of
temples is a cluster of sand
stone shrines dedicated to the
deity Bhutanatha, in Badami
own of Karnataka state..
The windows bring dim light
into the inner mandapas..
On either side of the foot of the
shrine doorway is an image,
that of goddess Ganga on her
vehicle, eave is decorated..
21. MALEGITTI SHIVALAYA AT BADAMI
• Malegitti Shivalaya is the ancient
temple of Lord Shiva. The
complete building of the temple is
made out of stone. This temple
was built during the 7th century
and is relevant to the Pallavas
style of architecture.
• It contains a porch assembly hall
and a shrine.
The square porch consists of large
monolithic pillars with heavy bracket
capitals..
The high plinth contains a row of the
loin and elephant symboling strength..
The fort consists of an underground
secret chamber..
22. JAMBULINGA TEMPLE AT
BADAMI
This temple is dedicated to three gods,
Bramha, Vishnu and Mahesh..
All these shrines are place in common
mandapa…
The tower is built of bricks and appears to
be later addition…
23. PAPANATH TEMPLE AT PATTADKAL
• Huge complex of temple..
• Locate next to the river..
• The temple is provided with a coverd
ambulatory passage..
• The pillars and beams are exquisitely
carved and decorated with incidents from
Ramayana and Mahabharata..
24. VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE AT
PATTADKAL
• The entrance of the
temple is by the
Malaprabha river …
• The temple has a
large pillared hall
approached through
porch,in front and
either side with
Nandi mantapa on
its axial plan…
This temple have tiered pyramidcal
not conical .
Roofs made up temple replicas..
25. It consist of three ante chambers, a pillared hall
and an open pillared hall. A pillared cloister ,
entrance gateways, courtyards, smaller shrines
and other structures surround the temple.
The nine-tiered eastern gateway, which is the
largest at 50 meters.
It has a brick superstructure and a stone base.
The smaller eastern gateway leads to the inner
court with its numerous smaller shrines.
26. LATER HOYSALA ARCHITECTURE
Characteristic features
• Star shaped plan.
• The temples stand on high
platform.
• The plinth surfaces animal
carved with animal
sculptures such as
horses,elephants etc.
• Shikhras are missing in
some temples.
• Temples are errected
without mortar. Accuracy
achieved by fitting of stones
27. Characteristic features
• Trabeated style in
temples construction.
• Temples are more
refinding wall surfaces.
• The pillars are turned
on lathe with minute
carving.
• Bracket figures which
depict women dancing,
makeup or musical
instruments.
• Flat ceilings are there.
Doorways were much
artistic.
28. THE CHAULAKYAN ORDER OR
TEMPLE
• The column is taken
from temple at
bankapur.
• The column height
is about its lower
diametre which is ¾
to 5/8.
• They are generally
massive with
different forms of
shaft , ornamented
and polished.
29. HOYSALESWAR TEMPLE AT
HALEBID
• It is an incompleted double
temple the length of each
temple is 34m long 30m
wide, 7.5m high. With 4
entrances.
• Both have star shaped
stellate plan.
• Temple stands on 1.5m
high basement divided
into panels having
sculptures.
30. HOYSALESWAR TEMPLE
Doorways posses all
essential qualities. In
centre of cornice is the
image of “tandaveswar –
shiva” in a dancing pose.
• Window openings are
filled with lavishy
pierced marble slabs
placed in between the
pillars.
• Shafts are moulded and
fluted.
• Its rich ornamentation
and construction skills is
the most outstanding
example.
31. THE GREAT CHENNE KESHAV
TEMPLE
AT BELUR
• The temple built by vishnu
vardhan to commemorate
his victory over the cholas.
• The temple stands on a
platform 54*48m has a star
shaped plan contains
garbha griha, sukhanasi,
and navaranga i.e. a
central pillard hall.
• Temple has no towers.
• It has three entrances-E,
Sand N.The eastern1 faces
the mahadwara.
32. CHENNA KESHAV TEMPLE
• The main entrance
is rendered most
beautiful carving.
• The southern
doorway is full of
carvings nearly
eighty in numbers
of dieties, animals,
demons.
• The northern
entrance carved
with female chauri
bearers.
33. TEMPLE OF VIDYASANKARA AT
SRINGERI
• The plan based on star
shaped having apsidal on
both ends
• . The temple faces east
and has navaranga .
Sukhanasi , and a garbha
griha with ambulatory
passage.
• 6 doorways. The high
basement contains
carved friezes containing
horses,elephants, lions.
34. TEMPLE VIDYASANKARA
• . The navaranga has 12 lionpillars bear the
sign of zodiac such as ram,bull so on and are
arranged that the sun rays fall on the pillar
with sign of ran in the 1st month and so on..
• Height of navaranga is about 5-6m the
ceiling is carved with lotus bud o 5 tiers of
concentric pedals.
• The outer wall of garbha griha contains
seated figures of Laxmi-Narayan on the west,
Brahma with Saraswati on the south and
Uma-shankar on the north.
35. KESHAV TEMPLE AT
SOMNATHPUR• This is built by Ar.
Jakanachari in1268. It is a
tripple celled temple.
• It has a open courtyard with
colunnaded all around.
• The temple has star shaped
plan. Stands on high carved
basement the ceilings are
carved with geomtrical
figures the shikharas missing
are found here.
• There are 3 towers
constructing over 3 cells. The
outer surfaces are carved.
36. THE SOUTH HINDU OR
DRAVIDIAN ARCHITECTURE
• The hindus considered the temple as a
microcosm of the cosmic man to has pada
(feet), lower legs (jangha), waist(kati), and
shikhara (head) the topmost member and
the tower composed of diminishing
storeys (talas).
• In all the temples 1 find the GOD to whom
temple is dedicated.
37. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES AND
EXAMPLES
Trabeated style of
construction.
• No mortar was used.
• Further the temples were
expanded with courtyards
called prakara”s enclosing tall
gateways or gopurams.
• Besides the temples tanks,
were contructed.
• Dwellings for various grades
were provided in the
courtyard.
• Temples were built on the top
of the hills so as to guide the
38. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
• Dramas, religious rituals, festivals, were also
continued in temples.
• Temples were designed more elegantly with
great interest to display fine art and
ornamentation that covered every part of the
temple.
