5. Purpose
Why are you talking?
(What is your goal?)
To inform
To demonstrate
To explain
To persuade
6. Audience
• You are not speaking for your own
benefit...
• But for the benefit of your audience
• Academic - teacher and classmates
– Who are you speaking to?
– Why are you speaking to them?
– What are they expecting from you?
7. Topic
Choose your topic early!
What to choose
Topics you know a lot about
Draw on your knowledge and experience
Subjects you want to know more about
Often chosen for you (in academic, by your teacher)
8. Topic
Questions to ask yourself...
What are you talking about?
What do you know about the topic?
What must you talk about? (required)
What do you want to talk about?
Will you enjoy talking about this topic?
If not, how can you get excited about this topic?
9. Organize
Plan what you're going to say
Research
Controlling Statement
Outline
Patterns of Organization
10. Research
• Carefully study your topic
– Use your own knowledge and
experience
– Do library research
– Search the internet
– Interview people connected to
your topic
• Start early, list resources,
take notes
11. Contolling Statement
States and reveals your topic
States what you're going to say about your
topic
Today I will inform you about the scientific uses of hot
air balloons.
14. Outline
• Introduction
– Tell them what you're
going to tell them
• Body
– Tell them
• Conclusion
– Tell them what you told
them
Remember to...
• Identify general ideas
• Use key words and
phrases
• Write down important info
15. "What you get from experience isn’t
the ability to skip the ground work –
it’s the facility to make it look like you
didn’t have to do the ground work!"
- Unknown
17. Write
The audience needs help accepting what you say!
Give examples
Show statistics
Use testimony
Organize directly with main points
Misplaced materials are confusing
18. Introduction
Get the attention and interest (hook) of
your audience
Reveal the topic of your speech
Preview the body of the speech
19. Hooks
1. Ask a question
2. Tell a story
3. Use a shocking or surprising fact
4. Begin with a quotation
5. Tell a joke
6. Use audio or visual aids
20. Reveal your topic
Give your controlling idea
Today I am going to tell you about...
Today I am going to tell you about stress.
Today I am going to share my dream job.
Today I am going to explain how to bake a cake.
21. Preview Statement
Also called "Outlining Statement"
Identifies the main points to be discussed
in the body
First, I will explain... Next, I will discuss...
Finally, I will share...
22. First I will describe my dream job.
Next I will tell you why it’s always been
interesting to me.
Finally I will share with you why I would be
great at this job.
23. Connecting Ideas
Join the ideas in your speech and show the
relationship between them
Transitions
Internal previews
Internal summaries
Signposts
24. Conclusion
Lets the audience know you are ending
your speech
In conclusion,...
My purpose has been...
Let me end by saying...
25. Conclusion
Reinforces the message you want your audience
to remember (your controlling idea)
Restate the main points
End with a quotation
Make a dramatic statement
Refer to the ideas in the introduction
31. Reducing Speech Anxiety
Acquire experience
Prepare, prepare, prepare
Think positively
Use power of visualization
Know that most nervousness is not visible
Don’t expect perfection
36. Avoiding Ethnocentrism
Respect listeners’ cultural values
Adapt messages to audience expectations
Imagine yourself in place
of listeners
Be alert to feedback
Listeners also have to avoid ethnocentrism
37. "Dress for Success"
Be neat and professional
Always dress a bit better than your
audience
Don't wear loud accessories that will
distract the audience
42. Thank you
TUTORIAL
Group Discussion
*How will you make your speaking efficient and effective? ( 5 points)
*Who is your favourite speaker? Why? Show a video clip of that speaker.
(4mins video)
