Classification of composites 2

1. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITES - 2
By,
D. B. Naga Muruga,
Dept of Mechanical Engineering,
Sriram Engineering College

2. 2
 Classification of Composites
 Basic Definitions/ Terminology
Classification of Composites

3. Classification of Composites
Composite materials are commonly classified at following two distinct levels:
The first level of classification: is usually made with respect to the matrix
constituent. The major composite classes include Organic Matrix Composites
(OMCs), Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) and Ceramic Matrix Composites
(CMCs). The term organic matrix composite is generally assumed to include
two classes of composites, namely Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) and
carbon matrix composites commonly referred to as carbon-carbon composites.
The second level of classification: refers to the reinforcement form - fibre
reinforced composites, laminar composites and particulate composites.
Fibre reinforced composites can be further divided into those containing
discontinuous or continuous fibres.

4.  Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC)/Carbon Matrix Composites or
Carbon- Carbon Composites
 Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)
 Ceramic Matrix Materials (CMM)
Organic Matrix Composites

5.  Fiber Reinforced Composites/Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
Composites
 Laminar Composites
 Particulate Reinforced Composites (PRC)
Classification Based on Reinforcements

6. 1. Fibers as the reinforcement (Fibrous Composites):
a. Random fiber (short fiber) reinforced composites
b. Continuous fiber (long fiber) reinforced composites
2. Particles as the reinforcement (Particulate composites):
3. Flat flakes as the reinforcement (Flake composites):
4. Fillers as the reinforcement (Filler composites):
Common Categories of Composite Materials based
on fibre length

7. 1. Fibers as the reinforcement (Fibrous Composites):
a. Random fiber (short fiber) reinforced composites

8. 1. Fibers as the reinforcement (Fibrous Composites):
b. Continuous fiber (long fiber) reinforced composites

9. Matrix (binder)
Reinforcement (fiber)
CONTINUOUS
COMPOSITE Discontinuous
Composite
Aligned (random)

10. 2. Particles as the reinforcement (Particulate composites):

11. 2. Particles as the reinforcement (Particulate composites):

12. 3. Flat flakes as the reinforcement (Flake composites):

13. 4. Fillers as the reinforcement (Filler composites):

14. • Concrete - hard particles (gravel) + cement (ceramic/ceramic composite).
• Properties determined by particle size distribution, quantity and matrix formulation
• Additives and fillers in polymers:
Carbon black (conductivity, wear/heat resistance) aluminium trihydride (fire
retardancy)
Glass or polymer microspheres (density reduction) chalk (cost reduction)
• Cutting tool materials and abrasives (alumina, SiC, BN bonded by glass or polymer matrix;
diamond/metal matrix)
• Electrical contacts (silver/tungsten for conductivity and wear resistance)
• Cast aluminium with SiC particles
14
Examples of particulate composites

15. Matrix
•Classification: MMC, CMC,
PMC M-Metal C-Ceramic P-Polymer
Classification: Particle, Fiber, Structural
woven
fibers
cross
section
view
0.5 mm
0.5 mm

16. REINFORCEMENT
Platelets Irregular ParticlesCylindrical (fibers, tubes)
Long Short Long (ribbons) Short
Aligned Random Aligned Random Aligned Random Aligned Random
Unidirectional Laminates Unidirectional Laminates Unidirectional Laminates
Classification Of Composites

17.  Bast fibres (flax, hemp, jute, kenaf…)
- wood core surrounded by stem containing cellulose filaments
 Leaf fibres (sisal, banana, palm)
 Seed fibres (cotton, coconut (coir), kapok)
Types of Natural Fibre

18. Examples of Natural Composites

19. Natural composites