2. www.bequal.info
History
Barcelona European Council, 2002 : target to
make Europe’s education and training
systems a world quality reference by 2010.
The Copenhagen declaration, 2002 sets the
basis for the development of a Common
Quality Assurance Framework for VET in
Europe (CQAF).
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History
May 2004, the European Council endorsed
the CQAF
October 2005, establishment of the European
Network for Quality Assurance in VET
(ENQA-VET)
2009, Recommendation on establishment of
a European Quality Assurance Reference
Framework for VET (EQARF)
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History
2010, European Quality Assurance in
Vocational Education and Training (EQAVET)
replaced ENQA – VET
The Bruges Communiqué 2010 reviewed the
strategic approaches and priorities of the
Copenhagen process and set the roadmap
for VET for 2011-2020.
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Quality in VET context
Quality assurance is linked with and facilitates
adoption of European instruments and tools of
the Copenhagen process, i.e. ECVET, EQF,
validation of non-formal and informal learning
and Europass.
All these instruments have as objective the
facilitation of mobility, through transparency of
qualifications and quality assurance is an
important factor for building mutual trust.
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Quality and EQF
The referencing of NQF to EQF has two
criteria relevant to quality assurance:
5 “The national quality assurance system(s) for
education and training refer(s) to the NQFk or system
and are consistent with the relevant European
principles and guidelines
6 The referencing process shall include the stated
agreement of the relevant quality assurance bodies”.
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Quality and ECVET
ECVET recommendation invites MS to apply
the common principles for quality assurance
in VET when using ECVET.
Quality assurance is a core issue for building
mutual trust in ECVET partnerships and
quality assurance principles and criteria are
documented in ECVET documents, i.e.
Memorandum of Understanding and Learning
Agreements.
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Validation of non-formal
and informal learning
Obligation of the stakeholders to establish
appropriate quality mechanisms for the
identification and validation of non –formal and
informal learning.
Quality assurance mechanisms should underpin
processes, procedures and criteria for validation,
in order to build confidence and trust. Member
States and European Commission are invited to
support the development of quality assurance
mechanisms.
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Europass
Europass can be used as a quality assurance
framework for the identification and
documentation of learning outcomes and
transparency of qualifications.
Quality assurance is an important factor in
the use of Europass documents, especially
Europass Mobility, in order to facilitate
understandability of qualification
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The EQARF
Recommendation
Develop the European Quality Assurance Reference
Framework (the Framework), quality criteria, indicative
descriptors and reference indicators
Devise an approach aimed at improving quality
assurance systems at national level
Participate actively in the European Quality Assurance
Reference Framework network
Establish a Quality Assurance National Reference Point
for VET
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The Framework
Quality assurance and improvement cycle
(planning, implementation, evaluation/
assessment and review/revision) based on a
selection of quality criteria, descriptors and
indicators applicable to quality management
at both VET-system and VET-provider levels.
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The framework
A‘toolbox’, from which the various users may
choose those descriptors and indicators that
they consider most relevant to the requirements
of their particular QA system.
The proposed descriptors and indicators are
provided as guidance only and may be selected
and applied by users of the Framework in
accordance with all or part of their requirements
and existing settings.
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Quality Criteria
Planning reflects a strategic vision shared by
the relevant stakeholders and includes
explicit goals/objectives, actions and
indicators
Implementation plans are devised in
consultation with stakeholders and include
explicit principles
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Quality Criteria
Evaluation of outcomes and processes is
regularly carried out and supported by
measurement
Review
Descriptors for each criterion at VET system
and VET provider level
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Descriptors at VET
level
Planning
European, national and regional VET policy
goals/objectives are reflected in the local targets
set by the VET providers
Explicit goals/objectives and targets are set and
monitored
Ongoing consultation with relevant stakeholders
takes place to identify specific local/ individual
needs
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Descriptors at VET
level
Responsibilities in quality management and
development have been explicitly allocated
There is an early involvement of staff in planning,
including with regard to quality development
Providers plan cooperative initiatives with other
VET providers
The relevant stakeholders participate in the
process of analysing local needs
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Descriptors at VET
level
VET providers have an explicit and transparent
quality assurance system in place
Implementation
Resources are appropriately internally aligned/
assigned with a view to achieving the targets set in
the implementation plans
Relevant and inclusive partnerships are explicitly
supported to implement the actions planned
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Descriptors at VET
level
The strategic plan for staff competence development
specifies the need for training for teachers and
trainers
Staff undertake regular training and develop
cooperation with relevant external stakeholders to
support capacity building and quality improvement,
and to enhance performance
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Descriptors at VET
level
Evaluation
Self-assessment/self-evaluation is periodically
carried out under national and regional
regulations/frameworks or at the initiative of VET
providers
Evaluation and review covers processes and
results/outcomes of education including the
assessment of learner satisfaction as well as staff
performance and satisfaction
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Descriptors at VET
level
Evaluation and review includes adequate and
effective mechanisms to involve internal and
external stakeholders
Early warning systems are implemented
Review
Learners’ feedback is gathered on their individual
learning experience and on the learning and
teaching environment. Together with teachers’
feedback this is used to inform further actions
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Descriptors at VET
level
Information on the outcomes of the review is
widely and publicly available
Procedures on feedback and review are part of a
strategic learning process in the organisation
Results/outcomes of the evaluation process are
discussed with relevant stakeholders and
appropriate action plans are put in place