Dr. Michael Haydock gave a presentation on quantum computing at the National Retail Federation. He explained that quantum computing allows computations on many values at once using superposition and entanglement. The number of possible computations increases exponentially with each additional qubit. Some potential applications of quantum computing mentioned include simulating quantum systems for chemistry and materials science, improving machine learning models like support vector machines, cryptography, and solving optimization problems. However, challenges remain in developing quantum applications and achieving quantum advantage over classical computers.

1. Dr. Michael Haydock, IBM Fellow; VP and Chief Scientist
IBM Corporation
The future of everything: How quantum
computing enables the impossible

2. Quantum Computing
and IBM Q:
You don’t get to new places by following established tracks
—
Dr. Michael P. Haydock
IBM Fellow – VP & Chief Scientist
IBM Global Business Services
National Retail Federation: May 21, 2019

3. How to Understand
Quantum Computing
(I am sure I did it the hard way!)
Quantum Computing
is Useful Today
(Depends a bit on what you are doing!)
© 2019 IBM Corporation
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Take away #1: “I learned something about Quantum”
Take away #2: Some applications are useful today
Take away #3: “My enterprise should take this seriously”

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104 Years of Relativity

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7. 7 © 2017 IBM Corporation
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A new model of computation that changes the game
Developing quantum applications is about working
with two principles based in quantum mechanics
Allows for computations on many values all at once Knowing something about the “system”
Superposition Entanglement

8. 8 © 2017 IBM Corporation
© 2019 IBM Corporation 8
|1> |0>
|0>
|1>
Duck “Up”Duck “Down”
Basis State
Superposition
Entanglement
Mallard
East IndiesBlue
Pond
Red
Pond
Prob(Mallard|BluePond) Prob(East Indies|RedPond)
Bloch
Sphere

9. Exponential growth
1
1 qubit – 2 basis states
a |0> + b |1>
where a and b are complex numbers
9© 2019 IBM Corporation

10. Exponential growth
2
1 qubit – 2 basis states
a |0> + b |1>
2 qubits – 4 basis states
a |00> + b |01> + c |10> + d |11>
where a, b, c, d are complex numbers
10© 2019 IBM Corporation
Combinatorial
Explosion

11. # of basis states in
prototype IBM Q system
with 50 qubits
11
50
2
11© 2019 IBM Corporation

12. The power of quantum computing
Quantum Computers
The potential power of a quantum
computer doubles every time you add
one additional qubit.
Classical Computers
The potential power of a classical
computer doubles every time you
double the number of transistors.
IBM Q 16 Qubit DeviceIBM Power 9 24-Core
12© 2019 IBM Corporation

13. Simulating Quantum Systems
Research towards the first use cases with quantum advantage…
• Quantum chemistry
• Material science
• High energy physics
Optimization / Monte CarloArtificial Intelligence
13© 2019 IBM Corporation

14. Quantum chemistry
Where we are
Today
Impacts
Path to Quantum
Advantage
Challenges
14© 2019 IBM Corporation
Molecule Chemical formula Classical bits Qubits
Water H2O 104 14
Ethanol C2H6O 1012 42
Acetaminophen C8H9NO2 1036 120
Caffeine C8H10N3O2 1048 160
Sucrose C12H22O11 1082 274
Penicillin C16H18N2NaO4S 1086 286
New
Materials Coherence
2019

15. Simulating Quantum Systems
Research towards the first use cases with quantum advantage…
• Quantum chemistry
• Material science
• High energy physics
• Better model training
 Support Vector
Machine
• Pattern recognition
 Consumer Behavior
 Risk Behavior
• Quantum Cryptography
 Defense Against
Hacks
Optimization / Monte CarloArtificial Intelligence
15© 2019 IBM Corporation

16. Maximize
the margin
Support
vectors
Construct
hyperplane
Binary Classification: classify a set of
𝑑-dimensional data points with
unobserved labels from 𝐶 = {−1, +1}
Classification with support vector machines
Feature Maps: Non-linearly separable
datasets may become linearly separable
by increasing dimensionality
• Consumer Behavioral Science
• Risk Classification
• Developing Efficient Asset Classes
• Separable Market Pricing
16© 2019 IBM Corporation

17. Cryptography Today
Current popular algorithms rely on one
of three hard mathematical problems:
• the integer factorization problem,
• the discrete logarithm problem
• the elliptic-curve discrete logarithm problem
Quantum Lattice Based Defense
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18. Simulating Quantum Systems
Research towards the first use cases with quantum advantage…
• Quantum chemistry
• Material science
• High energy physics
• Better model training
 Support Vector
Machine
• Pattern recognition
 Consumer Behavior
 Risk Behavior
• Quantum Cryptography
 Defense Against
Hacks
• Combinatorial optimization
• Logistics
• Promotional treatments
• Monte Carlo-like
applications (Pricing)
Optimization / Monte CarloArtificial Intelligence
18© 2019 IBM Corporation

19. New York Times
TheTraveling Salesman Problem has
a runtime that grows exponentially
with input size
19© 2019 IBM Corporation

20. Market
How will the market environment
be impacted by quantum computing?
Industry
How will your industry be
disrupted by quantum computing?
Customers
How will your customer relationships
be changed by quantum computing?
Competition
What happens if your competitors
adopt quantum computing first?
Business Value*
What strategic opportunities are
enabled through quantum computing?
Operations
How will stakeholders be empowered
to drive quantum computing forward?
Technology
What infrastructure is required to
enable quantum computing exploration?
People
What is your talent strategy to enable a
quantum computing organization?
* generate revenue, reduce costs, improve working capital, reduce operating risks, etc.
We leverage the IBM Q Quantum Strategy Model
© 2019 IBM Corporation 2024 May 2019

21. I'm not happy with all the
analyses that go with just the
classical theory, because nature
isn’t classical, dammit, and if you
want to make a simulation of
nature, you’d better make it
quantum mechanical …
International Journal of Theoretical
Physics, VoL 21, Nos. 6/7, 1982
Simulating Physics with
Computers
Richard P. Feynman
Department of Physics, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California
© 2019 IBM Corporation 21

22. … and IBM is building the quantum computation centers of the future
22© 2019 IBM Corporation
You don’t get to new places by following established tracks
Q
Thank
mhaydock@us.ibm.com
linkedin.com/in/drmikehaydock