2. He said to me, “I am going to the market”.
Reported Verb - He said to me,
Reported Speech – “I am going to the
market”.
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Made by Navdeep Dhillon
3. Reported Verb
Direct Indirect
Say Say
Says Says
Say to tell
Says to tells
Said said
Said to told
Will say will say
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Made by Navdeep Dhillon
4. S O N ( In reported Verb)
1 2 3 ( In reported speech)
S - Subject
O - Object
N - No change
1 - First Person (I and We)
2 - 2nd Person (You)
3 - 3rd Person ( rest of all)
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 4
5. Persons Subjective Possesive Objective
1st person I my me
we our us
2nd person you your you
3rd person she her her
he his him
it its it
they their them
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Made by Navdeep Dhillon
6. Direct Indirect
Now Then
This That
Yesterday the previous day
Last week the previous week
These those
Here there
Ago before
Come go
Today/Tonight that day
Tomorrow the next day/the following day
Next month the following month
Hence thence
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Made by Navdeep Dhillon
7. If the Reported Verb of
direct speech in past form
then the Tense/Verb of
Reported speech of Indirect
speech changes.
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 7
8. Direct change to Indirect
1. V1+s/es - V2
e.g.- He said, “They write notes.
He said that they wrote notes.
2. is/am/are - was/were
e.g.- He said to me, “My mother is cooking food”.
He told that his mother was cooking food.
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 8
9. 3. Has/Have - Had
e.g.- He said, “You have finished your project”.
He said that I had finished my project.
4. V2 - Had + V3
e.g.- He said, “I went to Karnal”.
He said that he had gone to
Karnal.
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 9
10. 5. was/were - had been
e.g.- He said to his friends, “I was playing in ground.
He told his friends that he had been playing in the
ground.
6. Will/Shall - would/should
Can - Could
May - Might
Must - Had to
e.g.- He said to me, “we must obey the laws our
country.
He told me that they had to obey the laws of their
country
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 10
11. Said/Said to - asked
Asked - asked
Reported speech changes to Affirmative(SVO).
Comma/Inverted comma replaced by
if/whether if question started by helping
verb.
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 11
12. If Reported speech starts with Wh-family
words [What,When,Where,How,whom,why
etc.] then comma and inverted comma
replaced by same Wh-family word.
e.g.- He said to me, “where are you going”.
He asked me where I am going.
Made by Navdeep Dhillon 12
