The document explains the rules for forming the present perfect tense in English. It discusses how the present perfect tense is formed using the verb "have" in the present tense along with the past participle of the main verb. It provides examples of regular and irregular verbs used in the present perfect tense. It then explains the main uses of the present perfect tense, including actions that started in the past and continue in the present, actions that occurred at an unknown time in the past, and actions that have occurred multiple times in the past.

2. The present perfect tense is common in English. It is used for many different
functions. This presentation will explain the rules for forming the tense with
regular and irregular verbs.
Forming the present perfect tense
This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the present tense),
and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends
with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle
form that you have to learn. Here are some examples:
I have been to Moscow.
You have finished the exercise.
He has just gone home.
She has already had a holiday this year.
It has broken!
We have seen this film before.
They have bought a new car.

3. I haven't been abroad yet.
You haven't answered my question.
He hasn't been home for five years.
She hasn't found a new job.
It hasn't finished yet.
We haven't worked on a farm.
They haven't seen each other for ages.

4. Have you been to the cinema recently? Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.
Has he worked here long? Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t.
Has she already sent the fax? Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t
Has it ever been in a crash? Yes, it has./ No, it hasn’t.
Have we done it right? Yes, you have./ No, you haven’t.
Have they gone home yet? Yes, they have./ No, they haven’t.

5. What have I done?
How long have you been here?
How many times has he been married?
What countries has she visited?
Where has it been?
How long have we been together?
Where have they worked?

6. As it was mentioned before, the present perfect tense is used for many
different functions. Some of its most important uses will be explained here.
Use 1: Actions which started in the past and are still continuing
The present perfect is often used for an action which started at some time in
the past, and are still continuing now. Often, the words for (with a length of
time) and since (with a starting time) are used along with the present perfect.
He has lived in Canada for five years.
(He started living in Canada five years ago, and he's still living there now.)
She has worked at the University since 1994.
(She started working at the University in 1994, and she's still working there now.)

7. Use 2: Actions which happened at some unknown time in the
past
Sometimes, it's important to say that something happened (or didn't happen), but it's
not important (or not known) when it happened. In this case, we can use the present
perfect too. In this case, we often use the words already, yet, ever or never along with
the present perfect. These words usually go before the past participle in the sentence.
I've already seen that film. I don't want to see it again.
(It doesn't matter when I saw it.)
Have you ever been to Germany?
(It doesn't matter when you went -- I just want to know whether you have been there
or not.)

8. Use 3: Repeated actions at unspecified times in the past
This use is similar to the previous one: it's important to say that something
happened (or didn't happen), but it's not important (or not known) when it
happened. In this case, the most important thing is that the action has
happened several (repeated) times.
I've already seen that movie three times
(It doesn't matter when I saw it. The important thing is how many times I saw it.
She’s been to Disneyworld two times already.
(It doesn't matter when she went. Here what matters is the fact that she’s been there
more than once.

9. Use 4: Actions which happened in the past, but have an
effect in the present
This use is a little more difficult than the other two. In this case, the action happened
at some time in the past, but the effect of the action is still important now. It's easier
to understand this use if we compare present perfect sentences with simple past
sentences.
Tense Sentence Meaning
Present Perfect I've lost my keys.
I haven't found the keys yet -
- they're still missing.
Simple Past I lost my keys yesterday.
I've probably found them
again already.
Present Perfect She's broken her arm.
The arm is still injured.
Simple Past She broke her arm.
The arm is probably OK by
now.