Past perfect tense

2. WHAT IS PAST PERFECT TENSE ?
1. When we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes
want to refer back to something that happened before that time. We can
use the past perfect tense (had + past participle) to do this.
2. The Past Simple Tense is used when events are described in order in which
they occurred.
3. The Past Perfect Tense in English is composed of two parts: the past tense of
the verb to have (had) + the past participle of the main verb.

3. Examples
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I had decided I hadn’t decided Had I decided?
You had decided You hadn’t decided Had you decided?
He,She,It had decided He hadn’t decided Had she decided?
We,They had decided We,They hadn’t decided Had we decided?
She hadn’t decided Had they decided?

4. Function of Past Perfect
The past perfect tense refers to a time earlier than before now.
a) John had gone out when I arrived in the office.
b) I had saved my document before the computer crashed.
c) When they arrived, we had already started cooking.
d) He was very tired because he hadn’t slept well.
*In these examples, Event A is the first or earliest event, Event B is the second
or latest event

5. Past Perfect + just
 ‘Just’ is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short
time earlier than before now
EXAMPLES:
1. The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
2. She had just left the room when the police arrived.
3. I had just put the washing out when it stared to rain.

6. Exercises

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE EXERCISE
 Eg:1) When I arrived at the cinema, the film [had started ](start).
 2) After they [ ](eat) the cake, they began to feel sick.
 3) The garden was dead because it [ ](be) dry all summer.
 4) The lights went off because we [ ](not/pay) the electricity bill.
 5) They [ ](not/eat) so we went to a restaurant.
 6) When she went out to play, she [ ](do / already)her homework.
 7) The children collected the chestnuts that [ ](fall)from the tree.
 8) I [ ](to be) very tired because I [ ](to study) too much.
 9) You [ ](not/study) for the test, so you were very nervous.
 10) I [ ] (not/have) breakfast when he arrived.

8. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
 It is used to express a continued or ongoing action in past, an ongoing
action which occurred in past and completed at some point in past.
 It expresses an ongoing nature of an action in past.
 Also called past progressive.
 If the subject is ‘he ,she ,it, I, singular or proper noun’ then auxiliary verb
“was” is used.
 If subject is ‘ you ,we, they, or plural” then auxiliary verb “were” is used.

9. Examples
Affirmative
1.She was crying yesterday.
2.They were climbing on a hill.
Negative(Not)
1.She was not crying yesterday.
2.They were not climbing on a hill.
Interrogative
1.Was she crying yesterday?
2.Were they climbing on a hill?

10. EXERCISES

11. PAST CONTINUOS TENSE
 Eg“:1) Julie [ was sleeping] (sleep) at three o'clock.
 2) Luke [ ] (read) at two o’clock.
 3) We [ ] (watch) TV at three o’clock.
 4) You [ ] (not/play) cards when the murder happened.
 5) You [ ] (cook) lunch at five o’clock.
 6) [ ](he/have) a shower when I called?
 7) I [ ](try) to fix my computer.
 8) When I phoned my friends, they [ ](play)monopoly.
 9) We [ ](not / cycle)all day.
 10) I[ ] (practise)the guitar when he came home.

12. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
1.It is used to express an action which has not occurred yet and will occur after
saying or in future.
2.”Will” is used with all persons.
3.”Shall” can be used instead of “will” with I/We.
4. Contractions :
*I will – I’ll
*You will – You’ll
*He,She will – He’ll , She’ll
*We will – We’ll
*They will – They’ll

13. Examples
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Interrogative
negative
I will go. They will not see. Will she ask? Won’t she take?
I shall go. They won’t see.

14. Function of Simple Future
1.To predict a future event
eg : It will rain tomorrow.
2.To express willingness
eg : He’ll carry your bag for you.
3.To express unwillingness
eg : The baby won’t eat his soup.
4.To make an offer
eg : Shall I open the window?
5.To give an invitation
eg : Will you come to the dance with me?

15. EXERCISES

16. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
 Eg:1) You[will meet] (meet)a beautiful woman.
 2) It [ ] (to snow) in the mountains tomorrow evening.
 3) You [ ](get)a lot of money.
 4) You and your wife[ ] (travel)around the world.
 5) They [ ](not/refuse)to make you happy.
 6) Wait! I[ ] (drive) you to the station.
 7) You[ ] (buy)a beautiful house.
 8) Listen! There's someone at the door. I [ ] (open) the door for you.
 9) Your friends[ ] (envy) you.
 10) You[ ] (get) a lot of money.

17. Group members
 Quinnie
 Eunice
 Lim Wei Sheng
 Sai