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NicatAliyev14

Adomantan törəmələri. Testesteron

Salud y medicina

Androgen hormonlar və onların anabolik təsir göstərən yarımsintetik
törəmələri (anabolik steroidlər): testosteron-propionat,
metiltestosteron, metandienon (metandrostenolon), metandriol
(metilandrostendiol), nandrolon fenilpropionat (fenobolin). Nandrolon-
dekanoat (retabolil), ciproteron-asetat (androkur); pipekuron bromid
(Arduan).

Androgen Hormonlar
■ Androgen hormonlar cinsi yetkinlik dövründə kişi
cinsiyyət vəzləri (xayalar, testikullar) tərəfindən sintez
olunur. Onlar androstan törəmələridir. Təbii hormonlar
androsteron, dehidroandrosteron və testosterondur:

Testesteronun alınması
■ Təbii mənbələrdə (sidikdə, iribuynuzlu heyvanların xayalarında)
andro- hormonların miqdarı azdır, məsələn, 5 ton sidikdən 0,15 qr
hormon alınır. Onların preparatlarını almaq üçün yarımsintez
üsulları istifadə edilir. Bu maqsədlə təbii steroid birləşmələr –
xolesterin, B-sitosterin, diosgenin (sapogenin). Steroid alkaloidlər
(solasodin), öd turşuları və b. İstifadə olunur.

■ Testosteron sanaye üsulu ila B-sitosterindən
mikrobioloji oksidləşmə və yan zəncirin qopması
nəticəsində sintez olunur

Testesteron-propinat
■ Müəyyən edilmişdir ki, testosteronu yağ turşuları ilə
efirləşmə reaksiyasına daxil etdikdə alınan efirlər daxil
edilən nahiyyǝda depo yaradaraq tədricən sorulurlar və
uzun müddətli təsir göstərirlər. Testosteron-propionat
bela preparatlardan biridir.

■ Ağ kristal poroşokdur. Suda praktik həll olmur,
spirtdə asan, bitki yağlarında həll olur. Ərimə
temperaturu 118-123°C-dir, xüsusi firlatma +83
dan + 90-dəkdir (etanolda olan 1%-li məhlul).

Eyniliyin təyini
■ 1) IQ-spektroskopiya BF tərəfindən tövsiyyə olunan ən
etibarlı üsul he sab olunur. Preparatın vazelin yağında,
3700-400 sm¹ sahələrdə alınan spektri standart
nümunənin spektri ilə eyni olmalıdır.
■ 2) Preparatı qələvinin spirtdə məhlulu ilə qaynadıb
sabunlaşdırırlar; alınmış testosteronu ayırıb ərimə
temperaturunu təyin edirlər (150-156°C).

■ 3) Preparatın eyniliyinin təyini üçün, onun stabil ərimə
temperaturuna malik mürəkkəb efirləri və digər törəmələri
alınır. Preparati natrium-asetat və spirt mühitində
hidroksilamin-hidroxloridlə işləməklə oksimə çevirirlər.
Alınmış oksimin ərimə temperaturu 166-171°C olmalıdır:

Təmizliyin təyini
■ NTX ilə digər kənar steroidlərə aid yoxlamalar aparılır.
Preparat və standart nümunənin xloroformda olan
məhlulu "Silufol" lövhələrdə yoxlanılır. Kanar steroid
birləşmələrin miqdarı 1%-dən çox olmamalıdır.

Tətbiqi
■ Preparat kişilərdə cinsiyyət vəzlərinin fəaliyyəti zəiflədikdə,
impotensiyalarda, prostat vəzin adenomasında, kişi və qadın
klimaksında, tənasül orqanlarının və süd vəzilərinin şişlərində,
uşaqlıq qanaxmalarında işlənir. Testosteron- propionatın yağda
olan 1%-li və 5%-li məhlulları (Solutio Testosteroni propio-
natis oleosa 1% aut 5% pro injectionibus) 1ml miqdarında
ampullarda buraxılır; əzələ və dəri altına vurulur.

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Sunu.pptx

1. ANDROSTAN TÖRƏMƏLƏRI

2. Androgen hormonlar və onların anabolik təsir göstərən yarımsintetik törəmələri (anabolik steroidlər): testosteron-propionat, metiltestosteron, metandienon (metandrostenolon), metandriol (metilandrostendiol), nandrolon fenilpropionat (fenobolin). Nandrolon- dekanoat (retabolil), ciproteron-asetat (androkur); pipekuron bromid (Arduan).

3. Androgen Hormonlar ■ Androgen hormonlar cinsi yetkinlik dövründə kişi cinsiyyət vəzləri (xayalar, testikullar) tərəfindən sintez olunur. Onlar androstan törəmələridir. Təbii hormonlar androsteron, dehidroandrosteron və testosterondur:

4. Androstan və androsteron

5. Testesteron

6. Testesteronun alınması ■ Təbii mənbələrdə (sidikdə, iribuynuzlu heyvanların xayalarında) andro- hormonların miqdarı azdır, məsələn, 5 ton sidikdən 0,15 qr hormon alınır. Onların preparatlarını almaq üçün yarımsintez üsulları istifadə edilir. Bu maqsədlə təbii steroid birləşmələr – xolesterin, B-sitosterin, diosgenin (sapogenin). Steroid alkaloidlər (solasodin), öd turşuları və b. İstifadə olunur.

7. ■ Testosteron sanaye üsulu ila B-sitosterindən mikrobioloji oksidləşmə və yan zəncirin qopması nəticəsində sintez olunur

8. Testesteron-propinat ■ Müəyyən edilmişdir ki, testosteronu yağ turşuları ilə efirləşmə reaksiyasına daxil etdikdə alınan efirlər daxil edilən nahiyyǝda depo yaradaraq tədricən sorulurlar və uzun müddətli təsir göstərirlər. Testosteron-propionat bela preparatlardan biridir.

9. ■ Ağ kristal poroşokdur. Suda praktik həll olmur, spirtdə asan, bitki yağlarında həll olur. Ərimə temperaturu 118-123°C-dir, xüsusi firlatma +83 dan + 90-dəkdir (etanolda olan 1%-li məhlul).

10. Eyniliyin təyini ■ 1) IQ-spektroskopiya BF tərəfindən tövsiyyə olunan ən etibarlı üsul he sab olunur. Preparatın vazelin yağında, 3700-400 sm¹ sahələrdə alınan spektri standart nümunənin spektri ilə eyni olmalıdır. ■ 2) Preparatı qələvinin spirtdə məhlulu ilə qaynadıb sabunlaşdırırlar; alınmış testosteronu ayırıb ərimə temperaturunu təyin edirlər (150-156°C).

11. ■ 3) Preparatın eyniliyinin təyini üçün, onun stabil ərimə temperaturuna malik mürəkkəb efirləri və digər törəmələri alınır. Preparati natrium-asetat və spirt mühitində hidroksilamin-hidroxloridlə işləməklə oksimə çevirirlər. Alınmış oksimin ərimə temperaturu 166-171°C olmalıdır:

12. Təmizliyin təyini ■ NTX ilə digər kənar steroidlərə aid yoxlamalar aparılır. Preparat və standart nümunənin xloroformda olan məhlulu "Silufol" lövhələrdə yoxlanılır. Kanar steroid birləşmələrin miqdarı 1%-dən çox olmamalıdır.

13. Tətbiqi ■ Preparat kişilərdə cinsiyyət vəzlərinin fəaliyyəti zəiflədikdə, impotensiyalarda, prostat vəzin adenomasında, kişi və qadın klimaksında, tənasül orqanlarının və süd vəzilərinin şişlərində, uşaqlıq qanaxmalarında işlənir. Testosteron- propionatın yağda olan 1%-li və 5%-li məhlulları (Solutio Testosteroni propio- natis oleosa 1% aut 5% pro injectionibus) 1ml miqdarında ampullarda buraxılır; əzələ və dəri altına vurulur.

Sunu.pptx

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Sunu.pptx