A literature review of the current state of western European oil gas pipeline and refinery infrastructure
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A literature review of the current state of western European oil gas pipeline and refinery infrastructure
- 1. A literature review European oil gas pipeline and refinery infrastructure www.nicnewmanoxford.com
- 2. * *Given the current state of western European oil gas pipeline and refinery infrastructure, what are the opportunities for developing and reconfiguring that infrastructure to enable non Russian suppliers( if we ignored contractual obligations).
- 3. *Potential infrastructure opportunities exist in increasing physical transportation capacity through new routes (Poland Croatia corridor)and new entry points (TAP) into central and eastern European markets and interconnection points to overcome cross border transmission, eradicate energy islands and develop new routes of supply for eastern and central Europe alongside new LNG import terminals.
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- 5. * Region Volume (1000 bbl) Total Value ($ 1000) CIF price (2) ($/bbl) % of Total Imports Middle East 487 481 52 264 517 107.2134 12.89 % Africa 909 372 100 645 457 110.6758 24.05 % Asia 345 37 705 109.2899 0.01 % Former Soviet Union 1 500 267 162 824 106 108.5301 39.68 % Europe 709 291 78 088 120 110.0932 18.76 % America 174 230 17 884 306 102.6477 4.61 % World 3 780 985 411 744 212 108.8987 100. % Source :Eurostat 2014
- 6. * Pipeline Tanker Algeria yes yes Angola yes Azerbaijan yes Nigeria yes Russia yes EU yes Source :Eurostat 2014, EIA 2014
- 7. * Source: EU DGE 2014, Eurostat 2014
- 8. Pipeline LNG Tanker 2011 % Total supply Algeria Yes Yes 7% Egypt Yes 0.8% EU Production Yes 31% Libya Yes 0.5% Nigeria Yes 3% Norway Yes 19% Other including Azerbaijan Yes Yes 1.3% Qatar Yes 8% Russia Yes 27% Trinidad and Tobago Yes 0.7% Sources: Author, Eurostat 2014
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- 17. *Emergency Supplies * Europe, which depended on Russia for 30 percent of its total gas needs last year, also gets the fuel from domestic suppliers such as Norway, the Netherlands and the U.K. North Africa nations and shippers of liquefied natural gas such as Qatar are also suppliers. * Norway, Europe’s second-biggest gas supplier, has capacity to raise exports by 10 percent, Kjell Larsen, spokesman for Gassco AS, the country’s network operator, said today by phone. * LNG imports to Europe slumped to 46 billion cubic meters last year from 65 billion in 2012, with lower supplies into the U.K., Spain and Italy because of diversions to costlier markets in Asia, Jesco von Kistowski, managing director of EconGas GmbH, said at a conference in Vienna in January.
- 18. * Pipeline LNG Tanker Available from Algeria Yes Yes 2016 Canada Yes 2020 Central Asia (including Azerbaijan) Yes 2019 EU Fracking Yes 2020 Israel/Cyprus Yes 2020 Iran Yes Yes 2020 Libya Yes 2020 Morocco Yes 2020 Nigeria Yes 2020 Norway Yes Now Other Yes 2020 United States Yes 2015 Qatar Yes Now Russia Yes Yes Now Trinidad and Tobago Yes Now Source: Author and BBC 2014
- 19. *EU resilience to gas interruptions Source: ENTSOG 2014
- 20. Existing Under construction be completed by 2020 Proposed Belgium 1 Croatia 1 Estonia/Finland 1 France 3 2 2 Greece 1 Holland 1 Italy 2 1 1 Lithuania 1 1 Poland 1 Portugal 1 Spain 7 Turkey 2 UK 5 Source: GIE 2014
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- 25. Interconnectors Under Construction Planned Completio n date Spain - France Midcat yes 2015 Bulgaria - Serbia (IBS) Pipeline yes 2015 Poland - Croatia North – South Corridor yes 2019 Poland – Baltic States Poland – Lithuania yes 2018 Caspian Sea – via Balkan States -EU Southern Corridor yes 2019 France/Germany/Ita ly/Switzerland South-North Corridor yes 2023 Denmark/ Poland Baltic Pipe yes 2020 Russia - Germany Nordstream 3 and 4 yes 2020? Russia - Balkans Sudstream yes 2018? Source: Entsog 2014, Author
- 26. * The conclusion of this literature review is that the EU and Russia are, and will remain, interdependent on the basis of : *(a) Europe's requirements for gas from Russia (b) Russia's dependence on its European market for the sale of gas.
- 27. * For further information * EU Pipelines Infrastructure 30 September 2015 Nicholas Newman * www.nicnewmanoxford.com *