2.  Inputs: things needed so that one can have a scientific
and technological activity.
Scientific activity needs:
(1) disposition of the human mind( curiosity, ignorance,
desire to know)
(2) Natural phenomena that are not yet fully explained
or the existing explanation of the natural
phenomena is insufficient

3. Technological activities need:
(1)a necessity or a need to be addressed
Ex. Due to the rainy and sunny season, the umbrella was
invented
(2) A desire to embody human creativity
Ex. The architect's creativity can only be realized
through actual drafting and the corresponding
implementation

4.  Output
For Science: Theory-based or theory related knowledge
For Technology: (1) technics
(2) technic-related intellectual
construct

5.  Root functions:
Science: to attain an enhanced understanding of nature
Technology: (1) technic
(2) technic-related intellectual construct

6.  Process of science:
(1) Identification of an aspect or phenomenon of nature
of interest to the practitioner
(2) Formulation of a hypothesis or theory that does not
simply attribute the phenomenon to divine
intercession
(3) Application of the hypothesis to the aspect or
phenomenon
(4) Assessment of the adequacy of the hypothesis to the
phenomenon
(5) Adoption or rejection of knowledge

7.  Process of Technology:
(1) Identification of a specific need, desire, or
opportunity to be met, satisfied, or exploited by
means of a projected technic
(2) A design phase
(3) A production phase
(4) Use phase

8.  ANTIQUITY:
1. Science rarely played a role in technological activity
2. Exception was the impact of the law of the lever in
building catapults.
3. Technology was on the human scene long before the
arrival of anything that might be called SCIENCE.
4. Technological activity in the form of rudimentary
tool-making antedated even primitive religious
explanations.
.

9.  From Antiquity through Renaissance:
1. Technological innovation improved scientific activities:
Example: the invention of scientific instruments
2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519): pursued both kinds of
activities- scientific and technological activities
3. Francis Bacon: Exposed to technological advancement in
his time like gunpowder and the development
metallurgy, magnetic compass…
He proposed that a solid scientific knowledge of
technological advancement could lead to a progressive
human condition.

10.  Technology influenced the practiced of seventeenth
century science in three ways:
1. through provision of scientific instruments,
2. through giving rise to a new worldview,
3. and by influencing the research agenda of science.
 Scientific Instruments and Scientific Revolutions
 Contribution of science to Technology in the
Eighteenth century: invention of the separate
condenser of the steam engine because of PHYSICS

11. 1. The rise of science-based industries: coal-tar dye
manufacture; electrical power generation and
machinery.
2. The birth of the industrial research laboratory:
Chemistry and laboratory

12.  The growth of Industrial Research laboratory
 Technology not completely dependent on Science
 Growing interdependence of technology and Science