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100,000,000	
  Taps	
  
	
  

Analysis	
  and	
  
Improvement	
  of	
  
Touch	
  Performance	
  
in	
  the	
  Large	
  


                           Niels	
  Henze	
  
               University	
  of	
  Oldenburg	
  
                                               	
  
                         Enrico	
  Rukzio	
  
       	
  University	
  of	
  Duisburg-­‐Essen	
  
                                               	
  
                         Susanne	
  Boll	
  
              	
  University	
  of	
  Oldenburg	
  
Touch	
  me	
  
How	
  can	
  it	
  be	
  
Believe	
  me	
  
The	
  sun	
  always	
  shines	
  
	
  	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  on	
  my	
  screen	
  
 
	
  
	
  
but	
  sJll...	
  
     	
  we	
  cannot	
  see	
  what	
  we	
  touch	
  
     	
  fingers	
  are	
  bigger	
  than	
  the	
  
         elements	
  we	
  touch	
  
 
	
  
	
  
Work	
  about	
  mobile	
  
     touchscreens?	
  
   	
  special	
  interacJon	
  techniques
                                 	
  	
  
   	
  	
  
 
                                                                                                          	
  
                                                                                                          	
  
                                                                                                          Work	
  about	
  mobile	
  
                                                                                                               touchscreens?	
  
                                                                                                             	
  special	
  interacJon	
  techniques	
  
                                                                                                             	
  performance	
  for	
  different	
  
                                                                                                                 target	
  sizes	
  and	
  posiJons	
  
                                                                                                             	
  	
  
                                                                                                             	
  	
  




Y.	
  S.	
  Park,	
  S.	
  H.	
  Han,	
  J.	
  Park,	
  Y.	
  Cho:	
  Touch	
  key	
  design	
  for	
  
target	
  selecJon	
  on	
  a	
  mobile	
  phone.	
  Proc.	
  MobileHCI,	
  2008.	
  
 
                                                                                                          	
  
                                                                                                          	
  
                                                                                                          Work	
  about	
  mobile	
  
                                                                                                               touchscreens?	
  
                                                                                                             	
  special	
  interacJon	
  techniques	
  
                                                                                                             	
  performance	
  for	
  different	
  
                                                                                                                 target	
  sizes	
  and	
  posiJons	
  
                                                                                                             	
  taps	
  might	
  be	
  
                                                                                                                 systemaJcally	
  skewed	
  
                                                                                                             	
  	
  
                                                                                                             	
  	
  
                                                                                                             	
  	
  


Y.	
  S.	
  Park,	
  S.	
  H.	
  Han,	
  J.	
  Park,	
  Y.	
  Cho:	
  Touch	
  key	
  design	
  for	
  
target	
  selecJon	
  on	
  a	
  mobile	
  phone.	
  Proc.	
  MobileHCI,	
  2008.	
  
 
	
  
	
  
Degrees	
  of	
  freedom	
  
   	
  different	
  sizes	
  
   	
  	
  
   	
  	
  
 
	
  
	
  
Degrees	
  of	
  freedom	
  
   	
  different	
  sizes	
  
   	
  different	
  posiJons	
  
   	
  	
  
 
	
  
	
  
Degrees	
  of	
  freedom	
  
   	
  different	
  sizes	
  
   	
  different	
  posiJons	
  
   	
  different	
  devices	
  
   	
  	
  
 
	
  
	
  
Degrees	
  of	
  freedom	
  
   	
  different	
  sizes	
  
   	
  different	
  posiJons	
  
   	
  different	
  devices	
  
   	
  …	
  
   	
  	
  
 
	
  
Large	
  amount	
  of	
  
     touch	
  data	
  
       	
  game	
  published	
  on	
  the	
  
           Android	
  Market	
  
	
  
	
  
 
	
  
Large	
  amount	
  of	
  
     touch	
  data	
  
       	
  game	
  published	
  on	
  the	
  
           Android	
  Market	
  
       	
  we	
  inform	
  the	
  player	
  
           about	
  the	
  study	
  
	
  
 
	
  
Large	
  amount	
  of	
  
     touch	
  data	
  
       	
  game	
  published	
  on	
  the	
  
           Android	
  Market	
  
       	
  we	
  inform	
  the	
  player	
  
           about	
  the	
  study	
  
       	
  just	
  looks	
  like	
  an	
  ordinary	
  
           game	
  
	
  
	
  
 
	
  
Large	
  amount	
  of	
  
     touch	
  data	
  
       	
  game	
  published	
  on	
  the	
  
           Android	
  Market	
  
       	
  we	
  inform	
  the	
  player	
  
           about	
  the	
  study	
  
       	
  just	
  looks	
  like	
  an	
  ordinary	
  
           game	
  
       	
  parJcipants	
  get	
  some	
  
           introducJon	
  
	
  
	
  
 
	
  
Large	
  amount	
  of	
  
     touch	
  data	
  
       	
  game	
  published	
  on	
  the	
  
           Android	
  Market	
  
       	
  we	
  inform	
  the	
  player	
  
           about	
  the	
  study	
  
       	
  just	
  looks	
  like	
  an	
  ordinary	
  
           game	
  
       	
  parJcipants	
  get	
  some	
  
           introducJon	
  
	
  
	
  
 
	
  
Large	
  amount	
  of	
  
     touch	
  data	
  
       	
  game	
  published	
  on	
  the	
  
           Android	
  Market	
  
       	
  we	
  inform	
  the	
  player	
  
           about	
  the	
  study	
  
       	
  just	
  looks	
  like	
  an	
  ordinary	
  
           game	
  
       	
  parJcipants	
  get	
  some	
  
           introducJon	
  
       	
  they	
  tap	
  the	
  targets	
  
	
  
	
  
 
	
  
Large	
  amount	
  of	
  
     touch	
  data	
  
       	
  game	
  published	
  on	
  the	
  
           Android	
  Market	
  
       	
  we	
  inform	
  the	
  player	
  
           about	
  the	
  study	
  
       	
  just	
  looks	
  like	
  an	
  ordinary	
  
           game	
  
       	
  parJcipants	
  get	
  some	
  
           introducJon	
  
       	
  they	
  tap	
  the	
  targets	
  
       	
  we	
  vary	
  targets’	
  size	
  and	
  
           posiJon	
  
	
  
	
  
 
	
  
	
  
We	
  collected	
  
   	
  data	
  from	
  91,731	
  installaJons
            	
  	
  
   	
  	
  
 
                                              	
  
                                              	
  
                                              We	
  collected	
  
                                                 	
  data	
  from	
  91,731	
  installaJons	
  
                                                 	
  >	
  50	
  different	
  devices	
  
                                                 	
  	
  
                                                 	
  	
  




The	
  ten	
  most	
  common	
  devices	
  
 
	
  
	
  
We	
  collected	
  
   	
  data	
  from	
  91,731	
  installaJons	
  
   	
  >	
  50	
  different	
  devices	
  
   	
  120,626,225	
  touch	
  events	
  
   	
  	
  
   	
  	
  
 
	
  
	
  
Using	
  the	
  data	
  
    	
  we	
  determined	
  the	
  error	
  
        rate	
  for	
  different	
  sizes	
  
    	
   	
  	
  
 
                                         	
  
                                         	
  
                                         Using	
  the	
  data	
  
                                             	
  we	
  determined	
  the	
  error	
  
                                                 rate	
  for	
  different	
  sizes	
  




                     error	
  rate	
  
                                             	
  and	
  the	
  error	
  rate	
  for	
  
                                                 different	
  posiJons	
  




HTC	
  Wildfire	
  
 
                     	
  
                     	
  
                     SystemaJc	
  skew	
  
                            	
  found	
  that	
  taps	
  are	
  
                                systemaJcally	
  skewed	
  

                     	
  
                            	
  	
  




HTC	
  Wildfire	
  
 
                             	
  
                             	
  
                             SystemaJc	
  skew	
  
                                    	
  found	
  that	
  taps	
  are	
  
                                        systemaJcally	
  skewed	
  
                                    	
  determined	
  offsets	
  for	
  
                                        each	
  screen	
  posiJon	
  

                             	
  
                                    	
  	
  




Samsung	
  Galaxy	
  S	
  
 
                                                        	
  
                                                        	
  
                                                        SystemaJc	
  skew	
  
                                                               	
  found	
  that	
  taps	
  are	
  
                                                                   systemaJcally	
  skewed	
  
                                                               	
  determined	
  offsets	
  for	
  
                                                                   each	
  screen	
  posiJon	
  
                                                               	
  derived	
  how	
  to	
  shid	
  taps	
  
                                                                   to	
  decrease	
  error	
  rate	
  

                                                        	
  
                                                               	
  	
  




devices	
  with	
  480x800	
  pixels	
  resoluJon	
  
 
                                                        	
  
                                                        	
  
                                                        SystemaJc	
  skew	
  
                                                               	
  found	
  that	
  taps	
  are	
  
                                                                   systemaJcally	
  skewed	
  
                                                               	
  determined	
  offsets	
  for	
  
                                                                   each	
  screen	
  posiJon	
  
                                                               	
  derived	
  how	
  to	
  shid	
  taps	
  
                                                                   to	
  decrease	
  error	
  rate	
  
                                                               	
  approximate	
  a	
  smooth	
  
                                                                   shid	
  funcJon	
  

                                                        	
  
                                                               	
  	
  


devices	
  with	
  480x800	
  pixels	
  resoluJon	
  
 
                                                         	
  
                                                         	
  
                                                         Experimental	
  
                                                              validaJon	
  
                                                            	
  implemented	
  shid	
  
                                                                funcJon	
  for	
  4	
  resoluJons	
  




control	
  condiJon	
     experimental	
  condiJon	
  
 
                                                         	
  
                                                         	
  
                                                         Experimental	
  
                                                              validaJon	
  
                                                            	
  implemented	
  shid	
  
                                                                funcJon	
  for	
  4	
  resoluJons	
  
                                                            	
  published	
  an	
  update	
  of	
  the	
  
                                                                game             	
  	
  




control	
  condiJon	
     experimental	
  condiJon	
  
 
                                                         	
  
                                                         	
  
                                                         Experimental	
  
                                                              validaJon	
  
                                                            	
  implemented	
  shid	
  
                                                                funcJon	
  for	
  4	
  resoluJons	
  
                                                            	
  published	
  an	
  update	
  of	
  the	
  
                                                                game	
  
                                                            	
  randomly	
  assigned	
  players	
  
                                                                to	
  a	
  condiJon	
  
                                                            	
  	
  


control	
  condiJon	
     experimental	
  condiJon	
  
    nc=6062	
                    ne=6139	
  
 
	
  
	
  
Shid	
  funcJon	
  
   	
  decreases	
  the	
  error	
  rate	
  
 
	
  
	
  
Shid	
  funcJon	
  
   	
  decreases	
  the	
  error	
  rate	
  
   	
  increases	
  the	
  precision	
  
   	
  	
  
   	
  	
  
 
	
  
	
  
Shid	
  funcJon	
  
   	
  decreases	
  the	
  error	
  rate	
  
   	
  increases	
  the	
  precision	
  
   	
  for	
  all	
  considered	
  resoluJons	
  
   	
  	
  
   	
  	
  
  	
  
                      	
   	
  
               Summary	
   LimitaJons	
  
            interacJve	
  task	
                 know	
  ligle	
  about	
  the	
  players	
  
implemented	
  in	
  a	
  game	
                 experimental	
  manipulaJon	
  
 touch	
  data	
  from	
  91,731	
               only	
  has	
  a	
  small	
  effect	
  
                   installaJons	
                unlikely	
  that	
  the	
  funcJon	
  
  determined	
  error	
  rates	
  	
  	
  	
     works	
  for	
  other	
  tasks	
  
    and	
  systemaJc	
  skew	
  
   derived	
  	
  shid	
  funcJon	
  
validated	
  in	
  a	
  controlled	
  
                    experiment	
  
                                  	
  
                                  	
  
                                         	
  

                                        	
  
100,000,000	
  Taps	
  
                                                                                                                           	
  

                                                                                        Analysis	
  and	
  
                                                 ContribuJon	
                    Improvement	
  of	
  
                                                                          	
  
                                                                               Touch	
  Performance	
  
                               “App	
  Store	
  study”	
  to	
  build	
  a	
             in	
  the	
  Large	
  
                             model	
  for	
  an	
  interacJve	
  task	
  
                                        public	
  between-­‐groups	
  
                                                                                               Niels	
  Henze	
  
                                        experiment	
  for	
  the	
  task	
        niels.henze@uni-­‐oldenburg.de	
  
                                compensaJon	
  funcJon	
  for	
                            University	
  of	
  Oldenburg	
  
                                                                                                                        	
  
                                   touches	
  beyond	
  specific	
                                  Enrico	
  Rukzio	
  
                               devices,	
  users,	
  and	
  contexts	
                 enrico.rukzio@uni-­‐due.de	
  	
  
                                                                                     University	
  of	
  Duisburg-­‐Essen	
  
                                                                                                                         	
  
                                                                                                    Susanne	
  Boll	
  
Interested	
  in	
  the	
  data?	
  hgp://                                       susanne.boll@uni-­‐oldenburg.de	
  
nhenze.net/?page_id=673	
                                                               University	
  of	
  Oldenburg	
  

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100,000,000 Taps: Analysis and Improvement of Touch Performance in the Large

  • 1. 100,000,000  Taps     Analysis  and   Improvement  of   Touch  Performance   in  the  Large   Niels  Henze   University  of  Oldenburg     Enrico  Rukzio    University  of  Duisburg-­‐Essen     Susanne  Boll    University  of  Oldenburg  
  • 2. Touch  me   How  can  it  be   Believe  me   The  sun  always  shines                      on  my  screen  
  • 3.       but  sJll...    we  cannot  see  what  we  touch    fingers  are  bigger  than  the   elements  we  touch  
  • 4.       Work  about  mobile   touchscreens?    special  interacJon  techniques        
  • 5.       Work  about  mobile   touchscreens?    special  interacJon  techniques    performance  for  different   target  sizes  and  posiJons           Y.  S.  Park,  S.  H.  Han,  J.  Park,  Y.  Cho:  Touch  key  design  for   target  selecJon  on  a  mobile  phone.  Proc.  MobileHCI,  2008.  
  • 6.       Work  about  mobile   touchscreens?    special  interacJon  techniques    performance  for  different   target  sizes  and  posiJons    taps  might  be   systemaJcally  skewed               Y.  S.  Park,  S.  H.  Han,  J.  Park,  Y.  Cho:  Touch  key  design  for   target  selecJon  on  a  mobile  phone.  Proc.  MobileHCI,  2008.  
  • 7.       Degrees  of  freedom    different  sizes          
  • 8.       Degrees  of  freedom    different  sizes    different  posiJons      
  • 9.       Degrees  of  freedom    different  sizes    different  posiJons    different  devices      
  • 10.       Degrees  of  freedom    different  sizes    different  posiJons    different  devices    …      
  • 11.     Large  amount  of   touch  data    game  published  on  the   Android  Market      
  • 12.     Large  amount  of   touch  data    game  published  on  the   Android  Market    we  inform  the  player   about  the  study    
  • 13.     Large  amount  of   touch  data    game  published  on  the   Android  Market    we  inform  the  player   about  the  study    just  looks  like  an  ordinary   game      
  • 14.     Large  amount  of   touch  data    game  published  on  the   Android  Market    we  inform  the  player   about  the  study    just  looks  like  an  ordinary   game    parJcipants  get  some   introducJon      
  • 15.     Large  amount  of   touch  data    game  published  on  the   Android  Market    we  inform  the  player   about  the  study    just  looks  like  an  ordinary   game    parJcipants  get  some   introducJon      
  • 16.     Large  amount  of   touch  data    game  published  on  the   Android  Market    we  inform  the  player   about  the  study    just  looks  like  an  ordinary   game    parJcipants  get  some   introducJon    they  tap  the  targets      
  • 17.     Large  amount  of   touch  data    game  published  on  the   Android  Market    we  inform  the  player   about  the  study    just  looks  like  an  ordinary   game    parJcipants  get  some   introducJon    they  tap  the  targets    we  vary  targets’  size  and   posiJon      
  • 18.       We  collected    data  from  91,731  installaJons        
  • 19.       We  collected    data  from  91,731  installaJons    >  50  different  devices           The  ten  most  common  devices  
  • 20.       We  collected    data  from  91,731  installaJons    >  50  different  devices    120,626,225  touch  events          
  • 21.       Using  the  data    we  determined  the  error   rate  for  different  sizes        
  • 22.       Using  the  data    we  determined  the  error   rate  for  different  sizes   error  rate    and  the  error  rate  for   different  posiJons   HTC  Wildfire  
  • 23.       SystemaJc  skew    found  that  taps  are   systemaJcally  skewed         HTC  Wildfire  
  • 24.       SystemaJc  skew    found  that  taps  are   systemaJcally  skewed    determined  offsets  for   each  screen  posiJon         Samsung  Galaxy  S  
  • 25.       SystemaJc  skew    found  that  taps  are   systemaJcally  skewed    determined  offsets  for   each  screen  posiJon    derived  how  to  shid  taps   to  decrease  error  rate         devices  with  480x800  pixels  resoluJon  
  • 26.       SystemaJc  skew    found  that  taps  are   systemaJcally  skewed    determined  offsets  for   each  screen  posiJon    derived  how  to  shid  taps   to  decrease  error  rate    approximate  a  smooth   shid  funcJon         devices  with  480x800  pixels  resoluJon  
  • 27.       Experimental   validaJon    implemented  shid   funcJon  for  4  resoluJons   control  condiJon   experimental  condiJon  
  • 28.       Experimental   validaJon    implemented  shid   funcJon  for  4  resoluJons    published  an  update  of  the   game     control  condiJon   experimental  condiJon  
  • 29.       Experimental   validaJon    implemented  shid   funcJon  for  4  resoluJons    published  an  update  of  the   game    randomly  assigned  players   to  a  condiJon       control  condiJon   experimental  condiJon   nc=6062   ne=6139  
  • 30.       Shid  funcJon    decreases  the  error  rate  
  • 31.       Shid  funcJon    decreases  the  error  rate    increases  the  precision          
  • 32.       Shid  funcJon    decreases  the  error  rate    increases  the  precision    for  all  considered  resoluJons          
  • 33.         Summary   LimitaJons   interacJve  task   know  ligle  about  the  players   implemented  in  a  game   experimental  manipulaJon   touch  data  from  91,731   only  has  a  small  effect   installaJons   unlikely  that  the  funcJon   determined  error  rates         works  for  other  tasks   and  systemaJc  skew   derived    shid  funcJon   validated  in  a  controlled   experiment          
  • 34. 100,000,000  Taps     Analysis  and   ContribuJon   Improvement  of     Touch  Performance   “App  Store  study”  to  build  a   in  the  Large   model  for  an  interacJve  task   public  between-­‐groups   Niels  Henze   experiment  for  the  task   niels.henze@uni-­‐oldenburg.de   compensaJon  funcJon  for   University  of  Oldenburg     touches  beyond  specific   Enrico  Rukzio   devices,  users,  and  contexts   enrico.rukzio@uni-­‐due.de     University  of  Duisburg-­‐Essen     Susanne  Boll   Interested  in  the  data?  hgp:// susanne.boll@uni-­‐oldenburg.de   nhenze.net/?page_id=673   University  of  Oldenburg