2. OBJECTIVE OFTHE SESSION
1. Causes of accidents in the organization
2. Definition of occupational health and safety
3. Environmental factors, pollution and hazards
4. Definition and objective of safety management
5. Employers responsibility for safety management
6. Importance of good safety management for the
organization
7. Laws relating to industrial health and safety
8. Preventive measures
3. IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH
• Human resource is the most voluble resource
• Good health and safety practices may help improve
productivity
• Accidents and occupational diseases could bring down
the moral of workers
• Repeated accidents can create fear and uncomfortable
working environment
• Accidents are costly
• Social responsibility
4. • Good health and safety practices help to improve
productivity
5. COST OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
AND INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS
• Direct costs
• Cost of compensation
• Medical fees
• Hospitalization expenses
• Higher insurance cost
• Damage or waste of products and raw
materials
• Indirect costs
• Decreased productivity
• Hire and train new workers
• Management time
6. AIM OF HEALTH AND SAFETY
AT WORK
• Protection and maintenance of highest degree of
Physical, Mental and Social well-being of all workers of all
occupations.
8. MENTAL WELL-BEING
• understand own abilities, ability to cope with the
normal stresses of life, can work productively and
fruitfully, and able to make a contribution to his or
her community
10. • physical and physiological well being of employees in and
out of the work place
• A working environment free of accidents and occupational
diseases, that may cause personal injury or ill health
(Caused by hazards and industrial pollution)
Occupational
health and
safety
Occupational
health
Occupational
safety
11. WHAT ARETHE FACTORS AFFECT
HEALTH AND SAFETY ATWORK
• Any job is faced with certain amount of risk
Hazard ? Danger ? Risk ?
12. • Hazards - Source or a situation with potential to
cause harm
• Danger – Exposure to a hazard
• Risk - Likelihood of harm
13. HEALTH HAZARDS
• There are two main factors affecting health of people
at work
1. Environmental factors - Factory managers are
directly responsible
2. Health and safety - Responsibility lies with
everyone
14. HEALTH HAZARDS
Chemical hazards
Dose of Gases, Fumes, Solids, Liquids or Dust
Psycho-social Hazards
Affect to Mental well being
Ergonomics
Anatomical mismatches leads to various muscular and
skeletal disorders
Physical Hazards
Heat, Cold, Light, Noise, Vibration, Pressure, Radiation
Biological Hazards
15. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Arising out of Effect Who is in
danger
What is
the risk
Solutions
Heat
Cold
Noise
Light
Noise
Vibration
Pressure
Radiation
16. CHEMICAL HAZARDS
• All chemicals are poisonous.
• It is the dosage, determines whether a chemical is safe
or hazardous.
Chemicals could
find in any foam
Solid
Liquid,
Dust
Fumes
Gas
Can enter human
body through
Mouth
Lungs or
skin
Nature of
effect
Immediate
Distant
Local
19. PSYCHO-SOCIAL HAZARDS
• Nature of the job
• Role of the person
• Inter-personal relationship
• Career development
• Etc…
20. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
• Human failures cause accidents
➢Injured person – carelessness (Initial blame)
➢Lower levels - Little regard to safety rules
and precautions (Attitude ?)
➢Top management - Ignorance of legal and
moral responsibilities (Attitude ?)
• Industrial Accidents
Unexpected/ unforeseen /unplanned happening. Which can
course personal injury that would disrupt normal course of
duties of an employee.
22. IMPROPERTRAINING
• TRAINING REDUCESTHE RISK
• Workers Should train on
➢Dangerous components of the machines
➢Types of material used and possible hazards
➢Safety guards to cover dangerous parts of the machine
➢Use of personal safety and protective devices
➢Correct operational procedure
Accidents
Unsafe Acts
Improper
training
Unsafe
procedures
Stress
Unsafe work
environment
Unsafe
physical
environment
23. UNSAFE WORK PROCEDURES Accidents
Unsafe
Acts
Improper
training
Unsafe
procedure
s
Stress
Unsafe
work
environme
nt
Unsafe
machines
Unsafe
physical
environme
nt
27. HOWTO REDUCE ACCIDENTS
• Check for and remove unsafe conditions
- If cannot remove guard it.
• Through selection of employees
• Screen out accident prone employees
• Establish a safety policy
• Set safety goals
• Analyze the incidents and then set
28. • Create safety concern culture
• Show that safety is a high priority
• Enforce safety rules
• Conduct safety and health inspections
• Investigate accidents and near misses
• System of upward communication on hazards
29. • Through genuine top management commitment
• Personal involvement in safety activities regularly
• Giving high priority to safety matters in meetings and
production scheduling
• Giving a high rank and status for safety officer
30. LAWS RELATINGTO INDUSTRIAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY
• Workman compensation ordinance (No 19 of 1934) modified
Act No. 15 of 1990
• To provide compensation
• Factories ordinance No.45 of 1942
• To provide safety and welfare for workers in factories
General Provisions – Health
General Provisions – Safety
General Provisions –Welfare
31. General Provisions – Health
• Every factory should be maintained
• in a cleaned state
• Accumulated dirt and refuse should be removed daily
• Floor of every workroom should be cleaned by washing or
sweeping
• At least once a week
• Factory should not be over crowded
• 400 cube feet per employee
• Maintain at reasonableTemperature and suitable and
adequate ventilation and lighting
• Sanitary convenience
• Separate sanitary convenience for males and females
32. General Provisions – Safety
• Moving parts should be securely fenced
• Any vessel containing dangerous substance should be covered or
securely contained
• Hoist and lift should be of good mechanical construction and examin
by a competent person once a year
• Fire exit and fire fighting appliances should be installed and properly
maintained
• Sound construction and maintained
• Safety requirements for steam boilers
33. General Provisions –Welfare
• All employees should be provided with suitable Drinking
water
• Adequate and suitable Washing facility for employees
• Accommodation for clothing not worn during working
hours
• A first-aid box -at a reasonable accessible place
• Suitable and sufficient facilities for resting for female
workers whose work done standing
34. Factories ordinance- operations
• Provisions for notification and maintenance of records
relating to accidents in factories
• Commissioner of the labour is empowered to drive the
ordinance
➢Carried out by administrative officers of, regions
• Colombo north - Kandy
• Colombo south - Kurunegala
• Anuradhapura - Matara
• Jaffna - Ratnapura
35. • Empowered department – department of labour
• Inspection division – Factories division
occupational hygiene division
• Officials of engineering division handle matters.
Hierarchy
• Chief factory inspecting engineer
• Deputy Chief factory inspecting engineer
• Special factory inspecting engineer
• District factory inspecting engineer
• Factory inspecting engineer
36. SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Identifying risk and planning out
prevention methods and safety procedures
Risk in
workplace
Unidentified
Risk
Identified
Risk
Lack of
control
measures
Proper
control
measures
37. OBJECTIVES OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT
• To make environment safe
• To make the job safe
• To make workers adhere to safety conditions
38. Ensure employers responsibility of providing
• Properly planned equipments
• Safe systems and methods of work
• Sufficient personnel to carryout work safely
• Reasonably competent people
• Proper induction and adequate supervision
• Adequate safety measures
39. BENEFITS OF GOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
• Cost benefits
• Safe environment for social responsibility
• Better industrial relations
• High moral – high productivity
• Enhanced co-operation between employer and
employee
40. HEALTH AND SAFETY PROBLEMS AFFECT
PROFITABILITY OFTHE ORGANIZATION
• Insurance cost
• Benefits and compensation to injured employees
• Medical cost
• Legal cost
• Future claims for related injuries
• Work interruption and cleanup work after injuries
42. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
1. Education
• Get people to think safely
• Create safety awareness
• Safety slogans and posters
2. Skill training
– Incorporate accident prevention in learning
process
– Provide skills required to handle dangerous
machinery