This presentation is an overview of effects of smoking cigarettes on sustainable development

1. Effects Of Smoking Cigarettes On
Sustainable Development
Presented by Njobati Sylvie

2. Definition of sustainable development
Sustainable development is
maintaining a delicate balance
between the human need to improve
lifestyles(Economy) and feeling of
well-being on one hand(society), and
preserving natural resources and
ecosystems(environment), on which
we and future generations depend.

3. Content of a single cigarette
There are approximately 600 ingredients in cigarettes. When burned,
they create more than 7,000 chemicals. At least 69 of these chemicals are
known to cause cancer, and many are poisonous.
Here are a few of the chemicals in tobacco smoke, and other places they
are found:
• Acetone – found in nail polish remover*
• Acetic Acid – an ingredient in hair dye
• Ammonia – a common household cleaner
• Arsenic – used in rat poison*
• Benzene – found in rubber cement
• Butane – used in lighter fluid
• Cadmium – active component in battery acid
• Carbon Monoxide – released in car exhaust fumes*
• Formaldehyde – embalming fluid*
• Hexamine – found in barbecue lighter fluid
• Lead – used in batteries
• Naphthalene – an ingredient in moth balls
• Methanol – a main component in rocket fuel
• Nicotine – used as insecticide
• Tar – material for paving roads*
• Toluene - used to manufacture paint
(WHO)

4. Combination of things
commonly smoked
Nutmeg and dry corn leaves
Dry corn leaves and dried cola
Shisha
gardasnuff
marijuana
Weed
Garri and Gum

5. Facts About Tobacco cigars
Tobacco use is one of the biggest public health threats
the world has ever faced.
• There are more than 1.3billion smokers in the
world.
• Globally, use of tobacco products is increasing,
although it is decreasing in high-income countries.
• Almost half of the world's children breathe air
polluted by tobacco smoke.
• The epidemic is shifting to the developing world.
• More than 80% of the world's smokers live in low-
and middle-income countries.
• Tobacco use kills 5.4 million people a year - an
average of one person every six seconds - and
accounts for one in 10 adult deaths worldwide.
• Tobacco kills up to half of all users.

6. Predictions of prevalence of Tobacco related
diseases
Because there is a lag of several years between when
people start using tobacco and when their health
suffers, the epidemic of disease and death has just
begun.
100 million deaths were caused by tobacco in the
20th century. If current trends continue, there will
be up to one billion deaths in the 21st century.
Unchecked, tobacco-related deaths will increase to
more than 8million a year by 2030, and 80% of those
deaths will occur in the developing world.
tobacco is the second major cause of death in the
world

7. Second-hand smoke is also a very serious problem:
 Second-hand smoke causes 600,000 premature deaths per
year.
 An estimated 200,000 workers die every year due to
exposure to smoke at work; The US Environmental
Protection Agency estimates that second-hand smoke is
responsible for about 3000 lung cancer deaths annually
among non-smokers in the country.
 About 40% of all children are regularly exposed to
second-hand smoke at home.
 31% of the deaths attributable to second-hand smoke
occur in children.
 10% of the economic costs related to tobacco use are
attributable to second-hand smoke.
In 2000, fire caused by tobacco smoking caused
10% of all fire deaths
300,000 deaths
US$27 billion in costs

8. Tobacco Industry Profits Greater Than Ever
According to The Tobacco Atlas, estimates of revenues
from the global tobacco industry likely approach a half
trillion U.S. dollars annually.
In 2010, the combined profits of the six leading tobacco
companies was U.S. $35.1 billion, equal to the combined
profits of Coca-Cola, Microsoft, and McDonald’s in the
same year. If Big Tobacco were a country, it would have a
gross domestic product (GDP) of countries like Poland,
Saudi Arabia, Sweden and Venezuela.
Can a tobacco company ever
really be considered sustainable
despite the revenue it makes?

9. Reasons why people smoke (myths)
Activity 1: Look at the pictures and suggest why people smoke
In groups of two.
A B
C
D E F G

10. Philip Morris, the manufacturer of the Marlboro brand of
cigarettes died of lung cancer
Faces of the tobacco brand include David Millar, who died of
emphysema in 1987, and David McLean, who died of lung
cancer in 1995.
Another who pushed the product, Wayne McLaren, died before
his 52nd birthday in 1992 and Dick Hammer - better known for
his role as Captain Hammer in the TV show Emergency! - passed
away from lung cancer in 1999, aged 69.
Eric Lawson who played the iconic cigarette-puffing cowboy
during the late 1970s passed away aged 72 from respiratory
failure.
The cigarette company is the only
company in the world that rewards loyal
customers by killing them

11. Effects of smoking cigarettes
 Health Crisis
 Tobacco exacerbates poverty by chopping off
income of houselholds
 Tobacco contributes to world hunger by
diverting prime land away from food
production
 Tobacco production damages the
environment
 Tobacco reduces economic productivity

12. Effects of smoking on health
RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your
airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your
lungs
Cigarette smoking causes most cases of lung cancer
If you have asthma, tobacco smoke can trigger an attack
or make an attack worse
CANCERS
Smoking can cause cancer almost anywhere in your
body:
Bladder, Blood (acute myeloid leukemia), Cervix,
Stomach, Kidney and ureter, Esophagus, Trachea,
bronchus, and lung, Colon and rectum (colorectal),
Larynx, Oropharynx (includes parts of the throat,
tongue, soft palate, and the tonsils)
PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS
Smoking can make it harder for a woman to become
pregnant and can affect her baby's health before and
after birth
Preterm (early) delivery
• Stillbirth (death of the baby before birth)
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Facial deformation in infants

13. Effects of smoking on health
Smoking causes general adverse effects on the body,
hair breakage leading to acute myeloid leukemia. It
can cause inflammation and adverse effects on
immune function
Smoking affects the health of your teeth and gums and
can cause tooth loss
Smoking can increase your risk for eye cataracts
(clouding of the eye’s lens that makes it hard for you to
see) and age-related macular degeneration (damage to
a small spot near the center of the retina, the part of the
eye needed for central vision)

14. Effects of smoking on environment
a) polluting the air Each time you smoke a
cigarette, chemicals are released into the
atmosphere, polluting the air.
b) destroying forests
Approximately 5 million hectares (600 million
trees) of forest are destroyed each year to provide
trees to dry tobacco. This is the same size of 3.6
million Aussie Rules Football fields.
Over 32 billion cigarettes are smoked in Australia
each year. If the butts from these cigarettes were
placed end to end, they would circle the planet 16
times.

15. Effects of smoking on environment
c) starting bushfires
Nearly 7% of bushfires, which are responsible for 14
deaths each year, are caused by carelessly discarded
burning cigarette butts.
d) killing marine creatures
When it rains, cigarette butts lying in our streets and
gutters are washed in to our harbours, beaches and rivers.
The chemicals in these butts and the butts themselves
impact on our water quality and can be deadly to our
marine life
Cigarette butts can take up to 12 months to break down in
fresh water and up to five years to break down in sea
water (Clean up Australia).
Cigarette butts have been found in the stomachs of young
birds, sea turtles and other marine creatures
At least 4.5 trillion [non-biodegradable] filter-tipped
cigarettes are deposited annually somewhere in the world

16. Effects of smoking on sustainable environment
Agriculture
Malawi, Korea, Macedonia, Moldova, and Lebanon
devote more than 1% of their agricultural land to tobacco
leaf production.
In Africa, around 5% of all deforestation is caused by
tobacco. In Malawi, where the ancient dry forests of the
miombo highlands are particularly under threat, tobacco
accounts for 20% of deforestation.
Each year nearly 600 million trees are destroyed to
provide fuel to dry tobacco. Put in another way one tree is
destroyed for every 300 cigarettes.
Globally, tobacco curing requires 11.4 million tons of solid
wood annually.
Tobacco uses up more water, and has more pesticides applied to it
Depletion of the Ozone Layer
Tobacco is a sensitive plant prone to many diseases. It
therefore requires huge chemical inputs: up to 16
applications of pesticide are recommended during one
three-month growing period. Aldrin and Dieldrin, and
DDT are among the chemicals used. Methyl bromide,
widely used as a fumigant in developing countries,
contributes significantly to ozone depletion.

17. Effects of smoking on sustainable environment
* Tobacco Reduces Economic
Productivity
Summarizing from the WHO :
The economic costs of tobacco use are
equally devastating. In addition to the high
public health costs of treating tobacco-
caused diseases, tobacco kills people at the
height of their productivity, depriving
families of breadwinners and nations of a
healthy workforce. Tobacco users are also
less productive while they are alive due to
increased sickness
• Wastage of resources
Misdirected labour
Waste in packaging, lighters, land, paper/wood,
marketting and selling

18. Measures taken to curb smoking
The Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control The world’s first global health
treaty—the Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control (summary), adopted May
2003—became international law in
February 2005.
Amongst other things, the treaty requires
countries to
• Impose restrictions on tobacco
advertising, sponsorship and
promotion;
• Establish new packaging and labeling of
tobacco products (e.g. ban misleading
descriptions such as ―low tar‖ and
―lights‖;)
• Establish clean indoor air controls; and
• Strengthen legislation to clamp down
on tobacco smuggling.
The WHO
has defined a policy approach to help
implement the convention, summarized by
the acronym, MPOWER, to
• Monitor tobacco use and prevention
policies
• Protect people from tobacco smoke
• Offer help to quit tobacco use
• Warn about the dangers of tobacco
• Enforce bans on tobacco advertising,
promotion and sponsorship, and
• Raise taxes on tobacco

19. Proposed solutions
Discussion
Propose solutions to Hazards of smoking
• Littering of buts
• Health problems
• Environmental degredation

20. Proposed solutions
-Adoption of the WHO FCTC (Framework
Convention on Tobacco Control)
-Better enforced litter laws
-Increased taxes directed to environmental
clean-up efforts
-Reduced packaging waste and improved
biodegradability of filters
-Appropriate disposal mechanisms
-Increased public awareness campaigns
about the magnitude and prevention of
tobacco consumption