municipal solid waste

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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
This includes domestic waste, commercial waste, institutional waste, market waste and other
non-residential waste, street sweepings, sludge from surface drains, horticultural waste,
construction and demolition (C&D) waste and treated biomedical waste. Waste includes
hazardous waste and e-waste generated in solid or semi-solid form within any municipal
authority area.
Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM)
Planning, implementation and enforcement of reduction, reuse, recovery and recycling of
municipal solid waste scientifically and hygienically, storage of municipal solid waste
separated at source, primary collection from the source of waste generation, street sweeping,
removal of silt from surface drainage, storage and collection of C&D waste, milk waste,
horticultural waste, secondary storage, transport, processing and safe disposal of municipal
solid waste.
SILT MANAGEMENT: Duties and responsibilities of local authorities
 Separately collect waste from sweeping streets, lanes and side lanes daily, or on
alternate days or twice a week depending on population density, commercial activity
and local situation;
 In cases where it is not convenient to collect such waste in transport vehicles,
establishing a covered secondary storage facility for temporary storage of silt removed
from road sweeps and surface drains. The waste thus accumulated will be collected
and disposed of as per the intervals decided by the local body.
 Silt collected from surface drains should not be allowed to remain on open roads or
footpaths for more than 4 hours. Wet soil should be removed in less than 4 hours
from main roads and within 24 hours in other areas and should be taken directly to a
landfill or disposed of in a black container at a waste storage depot. It should be done
in order to prevent problems and health risks. This waste is not suitable for
composting as it is prone to high contamination and inert materials in the sludge.
In large cities where disposal sites are more than 15 km away from the collection area, it is
beneficial to establish the transfer station as a tertiary storage depot to save transportation
time and fuel. A transfer station or tertiary storage depot may also be equipped with a
material recovery facility, where recyclables are sorted and sent for further processing or to
recyclable markets. Transfer stations usually consist of large containers of around 15-25 m3.

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Transfer stations are usually part of the waste management system in major cities like Delhi,
Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Coimbatore, Chennai etc. Smaller municipal
authorities should consider setting up simple transfer stations with ramps for waste transfer.
A small vehicle or container to a larger transport vehicle. Only large cities should consider
setting up large transfer stations to handle 300 tones per day (TPD) of waste using static
compactor facilities.
General Rule of Thumb
• If the one-way travel distance to disposal is over 15 km or over 30 minutes, the need for
transfer stations should be assessed.
• Transfer stations should be made only when the cost of direct haul in collection vehicles
would outweigh the cost of supplemental haul in large bulk-haul transfer vehicles plus the
cost of the supporting transfer system infrastructure at the transfer station and disposal site.
Silt removed from surface drains and stored on the side of the drain should be collected as
soon as possible and transported directly to the landfill
Transfer stations should be set up in large cities where disposal sites are more than 15 km
away to save on transportation time and fuel Consideration for setting up of transfer station
.Small ULBs- simple transfer stations with a ramp facility Large ULBs- transfer stations to
handle at least 300 TPD using static compacter facilities.
Policies and Proposals
The Regional Plan envisages the following strategies and policies to improve the drainage
system:
1. Regional Approach to Drainage Integrated Regional Drainage Plan at the regional level
and sub-regional level; Drainage Master Plans at the district level and city level should
be prepared after critically examining each major drainage system under basins/sub-
basins of NCR at micro level by the State Governments and ULBs incorporating the
improvement proposals for enhancing the quality of Sub-regional and local drains
taking into account the present/future development and settlement pattern in the
region. The area drainage plan should be considered as an integrated part of the
Master Plan of the area and this drainage plan should take into account the land
development planning for the region.

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2. All developments in controlled areas falling in dark and over exploited block declared or
to be declared in future by CGWB should aim towards zero run off within the controlled
areas. The ponds/lakes/wetlands (existing and proposed), bunds/check dams etc. should
be developed/protected to increase the run off time of storm water in order to help in
ground water recharging.
3. Norms and Standards :
The urban drainage system should be designed as per norms and standards stipulated
in CPHEEO manual for Sewerage for internal as well as peripheral drains. The likely
time of concentration for each case may be worked out and corresponding storm
values adopted.
I. The rural drainage system may be designed for three days rainfall of five years
frequency to be drained in three days. An appropriate area dispersal factor
should be adopted for computing the run off.
II. The coefficient of runoff may be calculated for areas with composite land use
pattern on the basis of anticipated land use in the new areas and existing land
use pattern for the areas already developed.
III. Where it is not possible to work out the run off coefficient due to land use
policies not indicated, run off coefficient not less than 0.2 may be adopted for
rural areas with flat to moderate slopes and 0.4 for steeper slopes. For urban
area, run off coefficient not less than 0.6 may be adopted in absence of
adequate details of the areas.
4. Prevention of Storm Water Drains from Pollution Measures should be taken to
prevent the use of storm water drains for conveying sewage and dumping of solid
wastes and sludge in open drains. Enforcement should be done under the
Environment Protection Act, 1986. Unauthorized development/encroachment/slum
dwellings in the drainage system should be prohibited.
5. Where irrigation canal escapes including the tail escapes outfall into the drains or in
the neighboring ponds, provision for efficient draining of surplus irrigation water by
enhancing their capacity should be made while planning for improvement in the
integrated Regional Drainage System
6. Avoid Piecemeal Approach In cities sometimes drains are constructed to drain water
from some road/locality without considering final disposal of storm water. This only
leads to a shift of the problem. As such first master plan of drain should be prepared
and only then drains should be provided so as to integrate with master plan proposals.

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Key considerations for planning and design of infrastructure for storm water management project.