This was part our ENGR493 Presentation where we had to do some research for concept and design generation and then possess the knowledge to create a solar powered submersible water pump using a parabolic solar collector, a gamma stirling engine and a pump for irrigation use in Senegal.

1. Solar Powered Water Pumping in Senegal
Kristen Woznick
Andrew Kriebel
Ahmed Al Haddad
College of Engineering
Penn State University
3 December 2012
http://www.practica.org/services/r-d/thermal-solar-pumps/

2. This presentation covers two yields of the project that is
used to provide solar powered water pumping to Senegal
Interactive spreadsheet
Prototype of a low cost
alternative design
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3. A project schedule laid out the steps and timeline for
project milestones
Research & Background
Concept Generation
Concept Development
Prototyping
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4. The first task was to archive existing solar powered pumps
in a searchable database
Archive company, model no., lift, output, etc
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5. Started with data base which archives 64 submersible
pumps from 9 manufacturers with important criteria
Company
Model #
Input Elec.
Max Lift
Output @ Max Lift
Max Output
Lift @ Max Output
Weight
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6. What do these input values specify
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7. Changes to the database improved functionality with
criteria input with the searching function
Drop-down menus
for the input
criteria
Macro-enabled
“find My Pump”
button
Output of correct pump
that matches the input
criteria
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8. Future Considerations
We ask:
If someone enters a set of
requirements that are above
one capability, but below
another, would you be able to
suggest the one that has more
than the asked for
requirements?
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10. The second task is to innovate and prototype a solar
powered pump to meet the needs of a farm in Senegal
SUN’S
ENERGY
ENGINE/P
UMP
20 cubic ASSEMBLY
meters
1.2 – 1.6 m
per day
CROPS
20 m
2m
WATER
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11. Based around a gamma stirling engine, our design was to
use the heat of the sun to create the work to drive a pump
SOLAR GAMMA
SUN IN
HEAT TO STIRLING ENGINE
ENGINE
SOLAR DISH TO CROPS
WATER COOLS
HIGH SPEED ENGINE
LOW TORQUE
WORK
PULLEY/GEAR
LOWER SPEED
HIGHER TORQUE
WORK
PUMP
11 WELL WATER

12. Using gamma engine models, a Solidworks model was
constructed to study the motion
Compression
Ratios
Critical Lengths
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13. A non-walking beam gamma engine was settled upon and
modeled as our engine
DISPLACER POWER PISTON
EXPANSION
COMPRESION
HEAT WORK OUT
COLD
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15. The gamma engine is incorporated into the assembly design
with the solar dish, ‘gear’ system, and pump
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16. The gamma engine is incorporated into the assembly design
with the solar dish, ‘gear’ system, and pump
Solar Collecting Dish
Hot End of Engine
Cool Side with Water
Gamma Engine
‘Gear’ System
Water Pipe
Mechanical Pump
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17. The gamma engine is incorporated into the assembly design
with the solar dish, ‘gear’ system, and pump
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19. The design is easy to assemble, features available materials,
and only requires basic machining
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20. The design is easy to assemble, features available materials,
and only requires basic machining
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21. The prototype is proof of engine function and pump design,
but lacks the torque necessary to function as an assembly
✔ Gamma Engine Function – Heat to Work
✔ Pump Function – Movement of Water
- Solar Collector
X Connection Engine to Pump
X Full Function
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22. To improve performance, it is necessary to make several
changes to the design
Higher Heat Differential
HOT COLD
Multiple Cylinders
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24. Ideal Carnot Engine Efficiency
“A calculation using the Carnot cycle formula shows that an engine operating with a source
temperature of 100 °C and a sink temperature of 35 °C gives a maximum thermal
efficiency of about 17.42%.”
Efficiency:

25. Real Engine Efficiency and Power Output
Factors to Consider:
• Friction
• Gas Leak
• Temperature

26. Parabolic Dish Dimensions
“The average energy flux at this distance on a surface perpendicular to the sun's rays is
about 1353 W/m2.”
ENERGY = POWER x TIME

27. Calculations
Pwhp = q h sg / 3960
= (7.34)(65.6)(1)/3960 = .122 HP = 90.7 W
90.7W/.17 = 533.53 W
Solar Dish:
1353W/m²/533.53 = .4m²
1443.K

28. Goal:
Engine Efficiency Range: 30-40% (1000-1500K) (2000-4000 RPM)
Lift Power: 110 W
Future Teams?

29. The solar water pumping project is currently a rough proof
of concept, but on track for further design iterations
Interactive pump Database
Developed a Concept and a Feasible Design
Prototype and Test Concept
Future Steps
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30. Questions?